Prohibition in the United States and Christian Temperance Union

Prohibition, Why Did Americans Change Their Minds? Alcohol was thought to be the source of several of the nation’s problems. Issues like domestic violence, unemployment and poverty. The Women’s Christian Temperance Union first introduced the idea of prohibition, the illegalization of the buying, selling or consumption of alcohol. Prohibition was made official in 1919 as Nebraska became the 36th state to ratify the proposal. Prohibition took effect one year later in 1920.In the beginning, prohibition had an overwhelming amount of popularity from most of the country however Americans quickly changed their mind. Prohibition ended in 1933 with the 21st amendment to the Constitution. The increase in crime across the nation, several negative financial aspects of prohibition, and the eventual increase in corruption and loss of national restriction were all factors in the nation’s sudden change of heart. Perhaps the largest factor in the change was the overall increase i n crime.The most horrifying statistic from the Prohibition Era was the dramatic increase in homicides. Information taken from a FBI statistical report on homicides states that there was an excess of 9 homicides for every 100,000 people. There were more homicides during prohibition than during the upcoming decades, including both World War I and World War II (excluding deaths during combat). In order to continue the supply of alcohol, now illegal, underground operations began popping up in urban cities.Bootleggers ranged from middle class citizens and their homemade moonshine to an elaborate network complete with a supplier and several customers. With limits on law enforcement and the extent of U. S. jurisdiction, it was easy for people to get around the law. The distance off a U. S. coastline and boarders proved to be difficult areas for law enforcement to maintain. Bootleggers could often get out of U. S. jurisdiction and across the border to either Mexico or Canada where alcohol w as completely legal for sale and consumption.Another reason Americans changed their opinion was the negative effect prohibition had on several different financial aspects. Prohibition took away an enormous amount of income from the government, first with the absence of sales tax on the illegal merchandise. Any alcohol sold there could be no sales tax and thus gained no profit for the government. For all the tax that could have been collected the country could have paid off their national debt with a surplus of $200,000,000 dollars according to research titled The Last Crusade written by Leslie Gordon.But first and fore most prohibition shut down factories. Manufacturers had to shut down plants putting Americans out of a job. Job loss gave prohibition a negative outlook. The third reason Americans eliminated prohibition in 1933 was the corruption at a government level and the loss of national restriction needed to enforce prohibition laws and limits. Stated by Mabel Willebrandt, Depu ty U. S. Attorney General for Prohibition Enforcement, Senators, Congressmen and various government officials, disobeyed prohibition. The very people who put it into effect didn’t follow it.And with the lack of law enforcement, only 3,500 state agents and flying squadrons monitoring the country’s borders, crimes slipped passed the eyes of the police constantly. Crimes also occurred within the country unnoticed by police officers, causing assumptions towards law enforcement with questions on their relationship and involvement with the bootleggers and underground operations. Prohibition put the country in chaos. The increase in crime, lack of income for families and the government, and the government corruption and loss of restriction all became facctors in America’s decision to repeal prohibition.

Future Law Enforcement Weapons Essay

Everyday technology is taking advances in all fields of work forces, Especially Law Enforcement. Todays as well as future technology will make the jobs of those in the military and law enforcement easier as well as safer. As technology is breaking through, amendments 4 and 8 in the constitution need to be taken in consideration. The technologies may not be used to punish, and if it is searching equipment, a warrant is needed unless it will be used for sudden reasons of safety. In the future, instead of a normal squad car, someone might see a bulletproof truck. What is cool about it is that, they are strictly for the safety of police officers; they do not need to worry about a warrant, or hurting someone. This tool in the future would save officers lives. The bulletproof trucks are crash resistant/ damage resistant, during a high speed chase, and can possible handle a small missile fire. The portable radar system is a lightweight tool that sees through walls. This tool also promotes officer safety, it allows a building to be searched from the outside, detecting anything potentially dangerous on the inside. The officer would not have a problem with the 8th Amendment, this tool is not a weapon, it cannot be used to punish, restrain, or temporarily injure a suspect in anyway. Although the 4th Amendment would be needed to in consideration, because it is a tool that may be used to search private property. In order for Law enforcement to search another person’s property, a warrant is needed; it does not matter if the officers are searching from the inside or the outside, in this case the outside. Only when the safety of a person is threatened, may Law Enforcement use this tool without a warrant. The grill mount Launcher, is a tool that attaches to the vehicle, and it allows the police officer to shoot a GPS system onto another vehicle to track. This tool would be useful during a high speed chase; the suspect could get away, but completely unaware that their vehicle had a GPS that was tracking them. The Grill mount Launcher is strictly a tracking system; it does not violate the 4th or 8th Amendments. This tool does not having searching abilities, or the potential to hurt anybody. The officer should be free to use this tool any time a situation calls for it. The strobe lamp is a handheld tool with extremely bright lights, which causes temporary blindness. This tool promotes citizen safety, this tool is not a deadly weapon, it does not have a potential danger for a by-stander; In addition this tool most likely not kill the suspect, the strobe lamp provides alternate options for a police officer to take someone into custody, other than a gun, or handcuffs. This tool could not possibly violate the 4th amendment. A weapon is any device used for attack or defense against an opponent. Since the strobe lamp does cause pain, and the suspect to temporarily lose their vision, it is considered a weapon, which means an officer has to follow the 8thamendment. A Law Enforcement officer cannot use this weapon on a suspect because they deserve it, only may this tool be used, if the suspect is posing an immediate threat on the officer or another person. The Automatic License Plate Recognition Device allows police officer to check thousands of license plates, to determine if vehicles are stolen, if registered owners are wanted, if driver’s licenses are expired or revoked. The system also takes a picture of the car license plate and registers the code into a database. This tool allows the officer possibly find the name and history of the suspect easily. This tool is similar to the grill Mount Launcher GPS as far as tracking the suspect. This tool has no relation to the 4th and the 8th amendments, it does not harm, and it is only for Law Enforcement benefit only. Most of today’s Law enforcement technology does have to be used carefully, in order to avoid problems with Amendments of the Constitution, but ultimately they provide non-lethal weapon options to use on suspects, citizen safety, in addition to Police Officer safety,

Should gay marriage be legal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Should gay marriage be legal - Essay Example I think not. Legalizing gay marriage is not simply about protecting the rights of homosexuals. It’s not about treating fairly the so addressed minority of the population, the mythic 3 percent figure of Americans (Cameron 12). Gay marriages will arouse deep structural changes by transforming beliefs, questioning values, and institutionally proclaiming something that has long been rejected by human nature as valid, accepted and official. In this essay I am not trying to be a moralist, saying what people should or should not believe in. I simply want to question a change that is so unnatural and intrusive to me, that the argument saying â€Å"it’s their inherent human right† is not strong enough to accept it. Today the world is changing so fast and many core values are simply swept away by fashion, carelessness and eccentricity. The civil rights activists once playing the important part for this society to overcome racial or female intolerance have now shifted their efforts into new directions, pleading for further liberation of sexist rights. Now, that the so widely proclaimed same-sex marriages are in the limelight, it pays to stop and think, will their legalization really create added value to society or, on the contrary, will it actually cause harm by undermining the institution of marriage. Marriage represents a legal bondage, an institution that is recognized by church, and society. This is the couple’s official declaration for long-term commitment to one another. Marriage is a unique contract, different from simply sharing property or setting up a new business; it establishes a relationship that does not exist for people who are simply living together (Cline). When people get married, they become a social unit with strong kinship ties regarded by society as one unity. When gay couples want to contract a marriage, they actually ask for society’s

Discussion Questions 1&2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Questions 1 - Assignment Example Organizational behavior can be used to develop groups or teams in the workplace. Teamwork in the 21st century has become extremely important due to the fact that individualism is no longer a desired trait in the business world. OB can also help managers deal with diversity in the workplace. Diversity can help improve the problem solving abilities of organizations. Managers can use organizational behavior to implement change management techniques in order to adapt the business to the needs of the marketplace. If a manager has problems such as stress in the workplace managers can use organizational behavior in order to solve these types of problems. Managers can also use organizational behavior to implement innovation in the workplace. Power and politics are two topics associated with organizational behavior that managers must use in their dealings with stakeholder groups. For example a manager might negotiate labor agreements with unions or suppliers. The use of expert power can help managers control the behavior of others based on knowledge, experience, and judgment (Schermerhorn & Hunt & Osborn, 2003, p.313). How are organizations similar to living things? Just like the cells in a body make up a living organism the group of people that work in a business make up the organization. Organizations have many similarities with living organisms. The most common organizational setup is the corporation.

Economics cuurent macroeconomic situation Research Paper

Economics cuurent macroeconomic situation - Research Paper Example These figures are significantly showing progress but by no means indicate that things are turning out for the best (Avent, 2010). Unemployment and its direct correlation with inflation clearly show on these figures. This indicates that stimulus packages and the low interest rates provided by the government is showing its effects. Without these, businesses would not venture into accruing capital and entrenchment would ensue. More and more firms and departments are hiring temporary workers including census jobs which will show countercyclical effects. This suggests that confidence and optimism is slowly gaining momentum. It is a clear indication that more needs to be done before the country can truthfully say that it is out of the recession slump. Robert Reich (2010) suggests that only reason the economy is not in a double-dip recession is due to the boosts injected by the government. He further adds that 41,000 new jobs provided in May which mostly consisted of temporary Census workers is not enough. At the minimum, 100,000 new employments are needed every month to cope with the population growth. Apprehensions are now directed over what will happen once these are directly withdrawn from the economy. Policy makers play an integral role in ensuring the health of the economy doesn’t flat line. The applied easy money policy tools which are apparent in the contingency efforts of the government to stabilize the economy are already in place. It becomes indispensable at the current situation but â€Å"Effectively zero interest rates are creating distortions in capital markets. Monetary conditions need to be back to normal by the time economic slack disappears and inflationary pressures begin to reassert themselves† (Padoan, 2010). Government hand can only go so far before it reverts into prioritizing the need for other programs before money runs out and the Federal Reserve reverts to government

Facilities Management Programmes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Facilities Management Programmes - Essay Example At the same time, the government has also been committed to the provision of better services in the health, transport, education and other key sectors. In addition, the economies of scale have forced many companies to outsource the services of other companies, and have been observed across the board, for both the private and the public sectors (Wood 2007). The emphasis here of course, has been a need to have growth in such sectors as education, healthcare and utilities. The government too has largely been credited for the outsourcing programmes in the public sector, in a quest to improve and upgrade accommodation, housing and other related services. To this end, the design, finance, build and operate contracting has especially found use in hospitals and schools (CFM 2002). The upgrading and support services provision of outmoded facilities has also not been left out. Given the needs as well as the projected growth of the facilities market in the united kingdom, it is only in order that there be qualified and well trained property managers who will comfortably handle such issue as space design and management, the procurement of facilities, the computation and analysis of facilities costs, as well as the handling of taxation of the same (Chapman 2008). With the rapid rise in technology, and the bar in the ma... rs, it is also important that those managers receives the latest training on computer-aided management of facilities, so as to keep abreast with the dynamic changes in the sector. The onus is on the administrators of the institutions of higher learning in the United Kingdom that offers course if facilities or property management to ensure that their graduates receive training that in s in line with the market requirements (CFM 2002). Otherwise, there is every possibility that they will not only be overtaken by technological changes, but also that they may not impact positively as future property managers. 2. Problem statement The prevailing global credit crunch has especially handed the property market a serious blow. Owing to the numerous losses that these clients may have suffered, there is every need for the industry to ensure that they win back the confidence of the consumers. At the same time, the housing market and the real estate businesses are progressing fast against a backdrop of reducing building space (CFM 2002). This has thus ensured that the property procurement protocols have become more compels by the day. Globalization has also ensured that investors put their money in diversified locations whose property rules differ, and this means that a property managers has to keep abreast with the advances in development of the industry. For this reason, there is a need that the institutions of learning are able to tailor their programmes to suit the need of the market (Nutt & McLennan 2000). Furthermore, clients are becoming sophisticated by the day, while competition in the facilities management demands astute management skills, prompting the industry to seek out shrewd property managers who cab be able to wither the storm (Graham & Price 2000). The

Le corbusier Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Le corbusier - Research Paper Example During his life, he received two prestigious awards for his immense development of human life housing standards (Gans 12). He greatly, influenced urbanization in France through his designs that were used to house important departments for the French government. Moreover, he helped curb the increase of slum dwellings through the designing of ultra modern houses of improved standards (Corbusier 9). He died in August 27, 1965 at the age of seventy-seven after taking a swim at the Mediterranean Sea due to a presumed heart attack. This paper will take a broad look into Le Corbusier history, his remarkable work, and his unique architectural style. It will, also cite his most important architectural works that are used as points of reference in today’s house designing field. Le Corbusier initial publications were in French leading to the publication of the first English translation in 1927 by British author Fredrick Etchells. According to, Etchells mass and volume were relatively the same, which was not the case in the original French version of the book. His linguistic style was also desirable, as his choice of words to describe his designs was difficult to paraphrase even to well educate scholars (Wogenscky 54). Arguably, his designs drew inspiration from nature and the environment at large to bring out its unique characteristics. They involved the use of indefinite shapes and sizes to strike an amazing balance of design. His journals were instrumental in the facilitation of acknowledgement of integral architectural reforms. Initially, he kept his work to himself but after gaining exposure through mingling with other established artists, he saw the need to venture into it commercially. In the end, his expansion took a slow turn due to the hefty financial burden imposed on him. His book collection was on drawings and journals that he had done through his traversing of Europe. Subsequently, he was a prophet in the architectural world as his designs are visible in today’s structures. In other words, he foretold the building of the more than one storey building. In addition, this great architect took notice in the work of engineers who built bridges that connected one area to another. In relation to his designs, the people of the lower class would have a better quality of life through living in better-built homes. Controversially, he disregarded The Gare d’Orsay and the Grand Palais buildings on grounds of them not being recognizable architecture (Corbusier 13). In his words, Paris was becoming wasteland architecture wise. Comparisons what he used to describe his pieces as at some point he compared houses to ocean liners as the only difference between the two would be that one is mobile while the other is not. This led to the invention a staircase design borrowed from the ocean liners concept of access. In many of his journals, he exhibited his keen eye in visualizing houses to other objects for example airplanes. He cited the airplanes ability to stay in the air and its mobility at the same time. This is where he decided to use the concept of suspension from the ground for his designs. In that, possibilities were right before people’s eyes but it was hard for them to read the lines. Over the years, his work was the backbone in the building of many town structures. Essentially, the establishment of various cultural heritage sites in his honor was inevitable due to his contribution to modernization. To date, there are

Drug abuse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Drug abuse - Research Paper Example This research paper will seek to explore the above three topics in drug abuse so that by the end of the paper, the researcher will provide recommendations on how to reduce drug abuse in the American society. The commonly abused drugs are alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, heroin and tobacco. This research paper will analyze and examine the health effects it has on the user. Further, it will analyze the short term and long term effects of the drugs so as to give a clear understanding on the effects of drug abuse. The paper will also research on the effects of the drugs to the non-abusers. Non-abusers can be the family members of the abuser, the community around or even the whole country. The research paper will create more emphasis in knowing the different causes of drug abuse for different groups of people. After understanding the causes of drug abuse and the effect it has on the society, the paper will also seek to evaluate the effectiveness of the available control measures. A person begins to experience massive deterioration in health with the starting of use of illicit drugs. The different health costs that were incurred in America in the financial year 2007 lists the number of patients who had been admitted to the hospital and the reason or the cause of their admission. It was found out that the subtotaled health cost rounded up to $11,416,232. The detailed description when given was found to be specialty treatment included $3,723,338. The specialty treatments included a huge population undergoing detoxification, residential, outpatient whose primary abused substance is an illicit drug. It was also noted that most of the people who were the patients of drug abuse were found out to be affected by diseases such as HIV, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, poisoning and the likes. The latest census reports that about one million of the people of America are living affected by HIV and AIDS due to drug

MGT540 - Management of Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MGT540 - Management of Change - Essay Example Change is an important and vital aspect of almost every company. To exists in the fast moving and ever changing world the companies have to bring change in its operations. For example with the invention of computer and information technology, almost every company has to incorporate the use of information technology to compete in the changing business situations. Change often makes the member of the company to shift from their comfort zone to adopt the change brought in the organization. This often makes the employees to resist the new change. Thus the change brought in the organization has to be managed in a proper way so that the change can be implemented in the organization by dealing with the resistance in a tactical and planned way. In this project the change management done by ICICI bank during 1997 and after the merger of Bank of Madura has been analyzed. Change management theory Change is a constant ingredient of the organization. Every organization passes through two types of change during its life time. One is the continuous change and the second one is the radical change. Continuous change faces very little resistance and is managed by the manager or the supervisors effectively. The major concern for the company is to manage the radical change which faces the maximum resistance. The organizations are quite complex, therefore the organizational problems related to the human factor is also quite difficult to handle. The first thing which the organization faces when any change is brought in the organization is the resistance created by the attitude, personalities and incompetency of the employees. More over if any transfer of power takes place due to the change brought in the organization, can cause the employees to resist the change (Bolman and Deal, 2011, n.d.). Therefore this change has to be managed in a planned way. Every organization has to bring change for some or the other reasons. There are various internal and external reasons which initiate ch ange in an organization like change in market conditions, change in technology, change in type of competition, change in organizational ideas etc (Kanawaty, 1991, p.4). Change in an organization can also be brought in an organization due to some internal factors which are solely related with the organization. These factors can range from change in the organizational strategy or the business to change in managers or change in employees profile or attitude or change in equipments used by the employees. Among all the internal changes, change in business strategy is a reason which gives a major domino effect. If the strategy of a business changes then to implement that strategy many changes has to be brought in the organization which may include change in equipments, change in managers, change in the number of employees or/ and change in profile of the employees. In the early 90s the change which was brought in the ICICI was due to change in strategy. Change in an organization can also be a result due to change in government policies and globalization. Globalization can affect the organization’s policy to a greater extent initiating a major change in the organizational strategies of the business. Suppose an organization has major market share in a country but due to the entrants of the foreign companies in the market the company has to deal and compete with those firms too therefore the company has

Perception Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Perception - Research Paper Example Many individuals mistake these two separate entities as one in the same. This paper will distinguish the difference between the two and provide clarity of each one’s function. This paper will also define how we as individuals acquire a cultural sense of sensation and perception through our experiences. This paper will define terms that will help you understand the history behind the functions of sensation and perception. The research in this paper will define abnormalities that can affect sensation and perception and the effects of those abnormalities as well as medical research and breakthroughs. Perception and Sensing of Our Everyday Environment Perception and Sensation though working together are different entities performing different functions. The functions performed by both perception and sensation are important to the interpretation of how we experience everyday life in the world around us. Sensation and perception are answerable to the brain. The brain is like a telep hone pole and sensation and perception are some of the wires plugged into it to communicate. Perception and sensation to diffuse the confusion honed by most must be described and defined individually. Let’s begin by first defining sensation and describing sensations functions. Myers (2009) observes or defines sensation as the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. So what does this mean in laymen’s terms? Basically sensation is the signal we send to our brain that represents our physical experiences in this world we live in. Sensation receptors are recognized by the brain through receiving input up to the brain, which the brain interprets and sends out. There are several interpretation methods that we know as the senses. The five senses are vision, hearing, tasting, touching and smelling. These five senses are used on a daily basis and play very important roles in our everyday lives. Witho ut the use of the five senses, the function of sensation would not exist in our world. Vision is the way we see and interpret the world around us. Vision occurs through the eyes. The eyes have several components that receive and send out light to form visual images. The eye contains several parts, the cornea, the iris, the pupil, the lens, the retina, the fovea, the rods and cones, and the optic nerve to name a few. For the sake of the length of research I will only cover a few parts to give the summarization of the eye’s function and how it transmits to the brain. The parts of the eye that will be discussed are the retina, the rods and the cones and the optic nerve. The â€Å"retina is the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information† (Myers, 2009) The â€Å"rods are the retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don’t respond† (Myers, 2009) The â€Å"cones are retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retinal that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations† (Myers, 2009) The â€Å"optic nerve is the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain† (Myers, 2009) So basically when putting all these functions together here is what happens. Once light enters the eye through the cornea, the retina processes the light through

Concussions in football Essay Example for Free

Concussions in football Essay Injuries in sports are bound to happen no matter what sport you are playing and you never know when an injury will occur. They just come with the territory and they can range from a cut to an injury that could end an athlete’s career or even worse lead to a death. A big problem in sports nowadays is that there are too many concussions in pro sports all the way down to young kids who are just starting to play a sport. Football in particular has received a lot of backlash about the safety of the sport because there tends to be more concussions in this sport than in any of the other major sports. With all this talk about concussions in football, it may become very hard to market the sport because of all the safety problems and this could lead to less participation. A concussion is when there is a blow to the head or body that causes a type of traumatic brain injury. It causes stretching, damaging the cells, and chemical changes to the brain. Basically, it is when your brain moves in the skull and hits the side of your skull. There are many different symptoms that the athlete can experience, but there are also symptoms that coaches and other players can observe if they believe someone may have a concussion. Symptoms that players experience include headaches, nausea or vomiting, dizziness or sensitivity to light and noise, and memory problems just to name a few. Symptoms that coaches can observe include glassy eyes, noticing the player is forgetting plays, answers slowly, and can’t recall what happened before or after the play. Dangers of receiving one or more concussions can include brain swelling or permanent brain damage and in some cases they can be fatal. There are also concussion danger signs, which include one pupil larger than the other, a headache that gets worse, convulsions or seizures, loss of consciousness and can’t be woken up, and can’t recognize people or places. There is no way to fully prevent concussions no matter what equipment you are wearing or how good you are. The best way to lower concussions is to teach the younger kids how to properly hit and not to use their head when tackling. Always emphasize that safety comes first. During the 2012-2013 NFL season, there were more than 160 players that had head injuries, but at the same time there were breakthroughs in brain research, a wrongful death lawsuit, and the President of the United States talked about head injuries that come along with playing football. The biggest play that would lead to concussions would be kickoffs, so this year they moved it up five yards for more touchbacks. By doing this, there was a 43 percent drop in head injuries during kickoffs. After doing this, the NFL donated $30 million to the National Institute of Health for research on head injuries. This is when all the head injuries started happening because they season was fully underway now. A Jacksonville Jaguars player suffered his second concussion on 9/30 and his second in as many weeks and his third total of the season. By receiving more and more concussions, this player is putting himself in danger of hurting himself for good. Boston University then did a study on former football players and found that there were 28 cases of CTE in players that have passed away, including 15 who played in the NFL. The most recent being Junior Seau who took many blows to the head over his career and they found that it was present in him when he committed suicide. With all these head injuries happening, it’s hard to hear the 4 in 5 NFL players don’t trust their team’s medical staff. On the upside, for the 2012 season, more concussions were being reported, which the NFL believes means teams are becoming more serious about head injuries. From practices, games, and preseason there were 154 concussions reported through week eight of the season. That was a 21 percent increase from the 127 reported in the same span for the 2009 season and a 34 percent increase from the 2008 season. It seems that every week, key players on teams are missing time on the field because they are having head injuries from their practices and games. The neck and spine committee of the NFL are continuing to meet to improve player safety and to make strides and lowering the number of concussions in the NFL. They are hoping that with the information they gain, players will now think twice about reporting head injuries and also look out for teammates that may have sustained a head injury and report it. They hope that they will stop playing through these injuries and start focusing on their own health. In November 2009, 30 out of 160 players surveyed said that they hid their symptoms or even said they weren’t as bad as they really were. New York Jets player Brodney Pool stated, â€Å"Thats one good thing (Commissioner) Roger Goodell and the NFL have been doing: The message is that if theres something wrong with a guy, especially a head injury, you dont want to rush a guy back or make a little mistake that could mess him up, possibly for life. † While players don’t trust their medical staff, the NFL is taking the right steps to increase player safety after a big hit. Next season every team will now study concussions using iPads during the games. This will help determine if a player suffered a concussion during the game. With this new app, trainers will now be able to do side by side tests of baseline and post injury tests to help determine when a player should be taken out of a game in real time. Along with this, each team will now have an independent neurological consultant on the sideline to help assist the trainers and physicians. These tests are very quick and only take between 6 and 8 minutes and will include the player’s concussion past and a 24-symptom checklist. Players will be given memory tests and will be asked the same question about 5 minutes later to see if they remember. The NFL wants the consultants to have full say in whether a player can re-enter the game because that’s what they are strictly there for, but they believe that this may not be the case. These tests still aren’t perfect, but the NFL is going in the right direction to keep players safe. This past off-season, the NFL has implemented new rules to help keep the players safe and to lower the concussion problem. One new rule is that players are now not allowed to deliver hard hits to opposing players with the crown of their helmet. New York Giants head coach Tom Coughlin said, â€Å"It does reinforce the importance of getting out in front of this before something tragic happens. † Even with the new rule, helmet companies are trying new technology to help stop concussions. They now test helmets by putting them on plastic dummies and hitting them with a machine to test how safe the helmets actually are when there is a blow to it. Three sensors in the helmet test how many G forces the helmet takes when the machinery hits it. The tests cover 12 different helmet locations on 5 different velocities on the impact of the helmet. In the last three years, there have been over 200 concussions in each season and they are trying to greatly reduce this number. The study has already collected over 350,000 impacts on the helmets that contain the sensors. They have discovered that it isn’t always the biggest hit, but where the hit occurs on the body and if there is repetition of the hit. Along with the study, the NFL has teamed up with the military and have taken ideas from them including different pad lining material, stiffness, and thickness to help prevent the brain from rattling in the skull. With the NFL being sued so much now by former players, they are now pushing harder than ever for research on the brain and equipment. This has jump started scientific studies, rule changes, and investments in research including the $100 million grant by the NFL Players Association to Harvard Medical School for a ten year study of players health. Even with all the new equipment and tests and safety precautions, parents are being hesitant to let their children play football because of the risks it comes with. Terry Bradshaw, a former NFL quarterback is the latest player to say he wouldn’t let his son play football if he had one. He stated, â€Å"If I had a son today, and I would say this to all our audience and our viewers out there, I would not let him play football. † He also believes that in the next decade soccer may pass football and that contact sports will slowly decrease. He also spoke about six concussions that completely knocked him out cold and how dangerous that can be. Another former NFL quarterback, Troy Aikman, has also said that he wouldn’t stop his son from playing the sport, but he wouldn’t encourage him to play. There are also NFL players in the league now they have said they wouldn’t want their son to play the sport because of the dangers. This includes Bart Scott, Adrian Peterson, and Ed Reed who are some of the top players in the league. This even caught the attention of the President who said he would not want his son to play football and even Tom Brady’s father has said that he would hesitate to let his son, 3-time Super Bowl Champion Tom Brady, play the sport. As of right now, more than 2,000 former NFL players are suing the NFL claiming that they were never told what the long term affects of concussions were. Concerned parents have even came out and said they wouldn’t let their son play or that they want to take them out of the sport and put them into a less physical sport. In a recent study, it is estimated that there are 2,000 NFL players, 100,000 college players, 1. 3 million high school players and 3. 5 million players in the youth leagues. Over the past few years, the number of players in youth leagues has slowly decrease because parents are scared for their sons safety. The study also found that in youth leagues, most of the head injuries occur in practice and not in the games. Thirty-five states now have different types of laws that make it so players cannot return to the game until they have medical clearance if they are playing on school properties. As of right now, too many high school students are returning to the field too soon after sustaining a concussion, which could increase the potential for the athlete to receive permanent brain damage. A study conducted from 2005-2008 showed that 41% of players are returning to the field too soon. If a player receives a concussion or they believe the player may have a concussion, the rule states that if the player suffers from one or more of the symptoms for more than 15 minutes, they could be sidelined until they are symptom free for a week. The biggest and probably scariest statistic is that 16% of high school players who have lost consciousness after receiving a concussion have returned to the field the same day. This could become very dangerous and lead to fatalities if this continues to happen. Not enough high schools have certified trainers in concussions and only 42% of schools have certified trainers. By not have certified trainers, the schools are putting the athletes in danger because they won’t be told if they have a concussion and one more blow to the head could end their career or life. Concussions can be dangerous because it can slow down blood and oxygen from reaching the brain. This can cause players to become sluggish and not know what is going on in the game and can lead to other injuries or even more concussions. A neurosurgeon and concussion expert believes that someone who has a mild concussion for the first time should even be out of the game until his or her symptoms are gone for a week. The main problem with high school athletes is that they will hide the fact that they have symptoms because they want to keep playing because they love the sport and believe playing through pain makes them better and tougher. In the end, the players should be thinking of their own health and not about going back in the game. With all that said, the NFL and football in general are going to start having a problem marketing the sport. It’s already hard enough to play because equipment and playing fees keeps increasing, but with all these injuries, children are going to stop playing for their own benefit. Parents are beginning to think more and more about letting their kids play certain sports because of all the dangers that come with the territory. They are realizing that it may not be worth having the children potentially get concussions and head injuries along with other injuries that can come from sports. I believe that in the next few years, you will definitely see a drop in participation numbers just for the simple fact that it’s too dangerous a sport. Kids are getting bigger, stronger, and faster with all of today’s technology and supplements, which will lead to harder and bigger hits. They can still market the sport in a positive way by talking about the new technology and equipment, but at the same time people are going to hear about the injuries in the NFL. With the recent suicides of former NFL players, it is clear that something has to be done to help keep players safe and they are going in the right direction, but they still have a lot of research and development to do. It can also become hard to market the sport when you have former superstars and current superstars saying that they wouldn’t let or they wouldn’t want their own children to play because they know first hand how dangerous this contact sport is. There have been fatalities in high school football because athlete’s concussions are going unnoticed and I believe that this is the biggest hurdle the football in general has to overcome. It shows that schools need to get better medical staff and they need to notice when a player has a concussion and keep them out of the game. They also have to teach the athletes to know when something is wrong with them and tell them to not try to play through it because they are just putting themselves in harms way for a serious injury. Football and the NFL definitely have problems, but they are definitely going in the right direction to protect players as much as they can. Whether it is teaching how to hit or new and better equipment or taking kids out of the game after a certain amount of hits, the concussions will eventually start to decrease. I do believe the sport is going to keep losing participation and I also believe that another sport like soccer, basketball, or baseball will pass football as the biggest sport in America. Works Cited Football, USA.Heads Up: Concussion in Football. USA Football. N. p.. Web. 25 Mar 2013. Breslow, Jason. NFL Concussions: The 2012-13 Season In Review. Frontline. N. p. , 1 Feb 2013. Web. 25 Mar 2013. Battista, Judy. N. F. L. Will Expand Concussion Efforts During Games. The New York Times. N. p. , 26 Feb 2013. Web. 25 Mar 2013. McIntyre, Brian. Terry Bradshaw wouldnt let son play football now. NFL. N. p. , 14 Jun 2012. Web. 25 Mar 2013. Mihoces, Gary. Parents weigh risks of youth football amid concussion debate. USA Today. N. p. , 23 May 2012. Web. 25 Mar 2013. Shyr, Luna. NFL Looks to Helmet Technology to Combat Concussions. . N. p. , 1 Feb 2013. Web. 25 Mar 2013. Gregory, Sean. Study: Kids Competing Too Soon After Concussions. Time Magazine. N. p. , 21 Jan 2009. Web. 25 Mar 2013. Press, Associated. Concussions reported in NFL up 21 percent from last season. NFL. N. p. , 13 Dec 2012. Web. 25 Mar 2013. Corbett, Jim. NFL passes new helmet rule, eliminates Tuck Rule. USA Today. N. p. , 21 Mar 2013. Web. 25 Mar 2013.

Peachtree Healthcare Essay Example for Free

Peachtree Healthcare Essay Peachtree Healthcare has been faced with a dilemma. There has been a major IT infrastructure problem within the company for some time now. Since technology has taken over in the healthcare field, it is imperative that Peachtree Healthcare get the technology needed so that they can be trusted and well known within the healthcare industry. Mission The mission of Peachtree Healthcare is to ensure quality, consistency, and continuity of care across the entire network – and to deliver care with the highest levels of efficiency and economy while maintaining respect for patients and staff. Objectives The hospital needs to decide on what long / short term IT infrastructure system strategies and roadmaps are needed to increase efficiency. The new system should allow sharing of patient records, ensure quality, consistency, and continuity of care across entire network of hospitals and physicians. Key Issues The IT infrastructure is not reliable; therefore, uses are unable to perform their day to day functions including clinical duties. This is impacting quality and safety of patient care. Recommendations Adopt service oriented architecture (SOA) which will enable selective standardization. CURRENT SITUATION (10) Peachtree Healthcare has major IT infrastructure problems and is struggling to find the right fix. Growth through acquisitions has led to the inheritance of many incompatible legacy systems. Current IT resources are focused on maintaining inefficient processes in order to keep the hospital running. The maintenance costs of the current IT system are so high that further innovation has become a luxury. In addition there have been recent meltdowns of clinical information systems. IT infrastructure is not reliable; therefore users are unable to perform their day to day functions, including clinical duties. This is impacting quality and safety of patient care. Furthermore there is pressure from the hospital’s board to standardize hospital procedures and practices without fully assessing the need for it. Max Berndt (CEO), Candace Markovich (CIO) and Tom Drane (CFO) are struggling to analyze the current situation subjectively in order to properly manage the pressure to follow competitors. CRITERIA (5) The hospital needs to decide on what long / short term IT infrastructure system strategies and roadmaps are needed to increase efficiency. The new system should allow sharing of patient records, ensure quality, consistency, and continuity of care across entire network of hospitals and physicians. The system should also ensure â€Å"selective† standardization of certain medical procedures across the network but allow sufficient flexibility to individual hospitals and professionals in other areas. Other criteria include: †¢ Time to value when will the new system realize value for each business unit †¢ Flexibility easy to modify, upgrade and customization capabilities †¢ Staff buy-in ability to convince all staff to give this project a try ALTERNATIVES RECOMMENDATIONS (15) Alternative 1: Monolithic System (Modular Enterprise System) A monolithic system is single set of systems and applications that will provide consistency across Peachtree’s facilities but may not give doctors enough flexibility. Other pros and cons include: Alternative 2: Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) System A servicer-oriented architecture system is modular design that will allow Peachtree to standardize incrementally and selectively but poses certain risks as a newer technology. Recommendation: My recommendation is to crease a strategy of selective standardization using a SOA system. This means assessing and deciding on a SOA architecture standard. Reviewing individual business functions and deciding on an ideal standard for that functional unit then migrating others to it. This will allow Peachtree to standardize incrementally, which Max has wanted most in an IT infrastructure. RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN (15) Since SOA is a new technology, there are serious risks and consequences involved with this approach. The SOA technology is not mature yet and has not been tested in the long term. As a result there is a lot of unpredictability. To mitigate these risks Peachtree should gradually replace its old system with the SOA System. They should proceed with SOA in stages by piloting smaller projects to quickly provide value to business units. By gradually installing the SOA, Peachtree and its doctors would learn about how the systems worked and they could then master it in a sense as the infrastructure moved further. By gradually installing the infrastructure, Peachtree would not only minimize risk but also create flexibility and control. With the gradual learning process on the new SOA system, Peachtree and its physicians would allow IT to shift priorities along the way. Peachtree should also create case studies to get other business units and vendors support throughout roll-out process. They should also consider hiring external change management consultants to ensure minimum user disruption and smooth transition into the new system.

Causes and Prevention of Food Safety Hazards

Causes and Prevention of Food Safety Hazards Table of contents Synopsis This project defines the concept of food safety hazards in contrast to physical hazards of food. What are physical hazards? How they can be prevented? And how they can be detected and eliminated is defined in this project. Hazards of food Food hazards are the physical, chemical and biological agents in the food or the condition of food with the probability to harm when eaten or to cause an adverse health effect. Food hazards can be classified as biological hazards such as microorganisms, chemical hazards such as pesticides, chemical, cleaning agents or allergens and physical hazards are those hazards which are not supposed to, nor likely to be in the food like wood, glass, bones grit or dust. Chemical hazards These hazards are caused by following ways By naturally occurring poisonous chemicals such as by poison plants like rhubarb leaves and mushrooms or poisonous animals like puffer fish, mould toxins or algal blooms, etc. Chemicals which are added in water. Chemicals used in agriculture such as pesticides, antibiotics, dips and heavy metals. Poisonous diseases spread by animals or plants. Chemicals like additives or cleaners which are added during food processing. Some people have allergic reactions from certain foods like milk and its products, peanuts, crustaceans or gluten contained cereals. These type of hazards can be controlled by purchasing food stuffs from an approved supplier, protecting the food from contamination, maintain safe cleaning procedures or applying standardize strategies to prevent cross contamination of food. (University, 2014) Biochemical hazards These hazards are born in the food itself and cause the most food borne illness. They can occur by various sources. These microorganisms are commonly called as germs and are only be seen under a microscope. Basically not all the microorganisms are harmful but microorganisms like pathogens are harmful in food when they reach to a high level. Some of them are: Viruses like influenza or hepatitis A. Bacteria like salmonella, bacillus cereus, and staphylococcus aureus. Moulds Protozoa like Guardia Yeast The term food poisoning is caused by these pathogens that are growing in food results in illness. These microorganisms multiply to an infectious level which tends to make a person ill when food is kept in moist or warm conditions. Due to continuous growth of these microorganisms to dangerous intensities, mostly bacteria, food poisoning tend to arise.to avoid these food borne illness, food handlers must know the conditions of food poisoning bacteria and their characteristics. (University, 2014) Physical Hazards A physical hazard is any foreign object accidently gets into the food and causes injury or illness to the person eating food. Physical hazards includes foreign objects like bone or bone chips, pieces of product packaging, insects, wood, metal, stones, glass, personal items etc. Contaminants from sources includes raw materials, improper maintenance of equipment and facilities, improper production procedures and poor employee practices. A physical hazard can enter a food product at any stage of production. It contains sharp and hard objects that can cause a potential threat to a person who is eating. Physical hazard can cause injury to a person such as it can cuts to the mouth or gullet, can damage the intestine can also damage to the gums and teeth Some common physical hazards Glass: common sources from glass containers or glass food containers, or found in food processing facility are light bulbs or tubes. Metal: Sources of metal includes metal from equipment such as blades, broken needles, staples, and fragments from utensils. Plastics: packaging material used, gloves worn by food handling people, cleaning equipment, fragments of plastic tools. Stones: crop fields, picked up stones by certain vegetables during harvesting. Worn concrete structures in food processing industries. Wood: sources of wood comes from commonly like wood structures and wooden pallets used in transportation of food or food products. Classification of physical hazards Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CIFA) defines the physical hazards into three classes depending on their possibility and sternness of their reaction: Category I (high likelihood) Category II (moderate likelihood) Category III (low risk) The organization additionally rates the probability of event dependent upon the level of control that a food processor need to kill the risk: Low Risk: Great control measures secured, however minor infractions happen. Medium Hazard: Some control measures created, yet crevices then again inconsistencies happen. High Risk: Practically zero control built. Every food has its own potential threats or hazards and evaluation of these helps in determining the risk category for likely physical hazard, Preventive measures for common physical hazards Inspect basic materials and food components for field contaminants (ex: stones in oats) that were not found during the course of the initial starting process. Follow decent storing practices and assess potential dangers away zones (ex: sources of brittle glass, for example, light bulbs, staples from containers, and so on.) and use defensive acrylic bulbs or light blankets. Develop details and controls for all elements and parts, including crude materials and bundling materials. Details or specifications ought to hold gauges for assessing adequacy of ingredients or packaging materials (ex: reused cardboard utilized for bundling once in a while holds hints of metals that could be identified by metal detectors. A limit for metal identification established to be secured to evade false positive detection of metal in food products). Set up a practicable detection and removal system for physical threats in the facility (ex: metal locators or magnets to identify metal sections in the formation line, channels or screens to evacuate remote items. The worn out equipment must be properly or regularly maintained to avoid physical hazards. Employee training must happen time to time on shipping, storing, handling and receiving equipment to prevent physical hazards from being into the food. Sanitize and clean tools and utensils or equipment after each use. Sanitize blades of can openers after use to make sure that metal shavings do not hoard. Use only viable ice scoops when getting ice from an ice machine. Detection and elimination of physical hazards Metal detectors will help to detect any metal content in food product. They should set up in food production line to reject products in which metal is detected. Proper maintenance should be done to this equipment to ensure they are working in an accurate manner. Magnets can be used along with metal detectors on food assembly lines to get rid of metal from products. X-Ray machines can be used on food to identify threats such as bones, stones, metals and also hard plastics. Food radar method transmit low-power microwaves through food stuffs to recognize outside constituents , for example, metals, plastics, bones, bits and natural materials in food on processing line. Main Materials of Concern as Physical Hazards and CommonSources (University, 2014) Conclusion Food safety hazards are of three types, mainly chemical, biological and physical hazards. In which, Physical hazards are those foreign materials that are not supposed to go into food products, for example: stones, wood, metal, plastic etc. Physical hazards can cause much severe risk as they can damage, cuts and can cause serious harm to one’s health. They can be prevented by means of methods such as proper care in food processing industries in handling food, proper maintenance of equipment and utensils, sanitization of different utensils and machinery or equipment used in food processing. Physical hazards can be detected and eliminated by means of modern detectors such as Metal detectors, X-ray machine, magnets etc. List of references University, C. 2014. HSC Online Implement food safety procedures. [online] Available at: http://hsc.csu.edu.au/hospitality/hosp_240/food_bev/SITXFSA001A/4124/hazards.htm [Accessed: 7 Mar 2014].

Holocaust 2000 :: essays research papers

Lesson 2 Step 9 Stanley von Herschaur was robbed. People are going to die. Stanley was one pissed off customer to have been screwed like this by the stamp-collecting community. Maybe just the people that he had spoken to, clearly not everyone deserved 'death', maybe just deserved a hell of a beating. He knows what will happen, today he's drunk off his ass, tomorrow he's a committed revolutionary ready to bring about another Holocaust. Stanley was happy about one thing when the darkness enveloped his soul into a lust for vengeance, he whispered to the open bottle of Johnny Walker,... "someone's gonna get it". The hangover punched him in the face that morning, the name of the man who had hired thieve's to raid the house flashed up to him, like a bullet delivered to the back of his dizzy head. Rosenberg. A greedy swindler with a devilish face. Yitzvah. An old humpback with beady little eyes. Yitzvah Rosenberg!! The man he had spoken to once before, the one so greedy to clutch for Stanley's fortune that he offered thirty-five hundred dollars for the Austrian Red Mercury, the single most expensive stamp in Stanley's collection that was worth about ninety-three hundred dollars. Stanley stumbled around. He walked up to the closet, slid it's doors open and dropped to his knees. The wooden floor board could be displaced. He clawed at the floor for a minute until he discovered the board that was split in two pieces, removing it gave way to the steel lever that was installed to open the secret cabinet behind the clothes rack. He did it, got up to his feet and pushed the clothe's hangers aside and threw both arms forward as if to receive Christ's mercy right there and then. Stanley made his way outside. All dressed up, the trench coat concealed the boom-stick he held underneath. He knew where to go now. Yitzvah sat at his desk looking through his newly acquired fortune. Suddenly the door was pushed open and Stanley walked through.

Carmen and Gypsy Culture :: essays research papers

The fascination with exoticism was more and more prevalent within romantic compositions as there was an increased yearning for far off lands within the composer’s imagination. ‘Composers of such works were not terribly interested in authenticity; their primary concern was to create a picturesque atmosphere that would appeal to audiences.’(Machlis p.190) Bizet romanticized gypsy culture in his opera and through the character, ‘Carmen’. The libretto gives off ideas in relation to the emerging theme of ‘naturalism’, where much focus was given to the working class and their suffering. Carmen and the other gypsies don’t have that middle class virtue. ‘But they are seen against the exotic allure of Spain and Bizet’s music invests them with a human dignity.’ (Machlis192) In much of the art, music and literature of the 19th century the female gypsy, in particular was characterized and stereotyped as free-spirited, stron g, deviant, demanding, sexually arousing, alluring and dismissive. This romantic construct of the Gypsy woman may be viewed as completely opposite to the proper, controlled and chaste, submissive woman held as the Victorian, European ideal. These descriptions are likened to the characters of Carmen in contrast to Micaela. ‘Carmen’ is all about women, especially women with exotic qualities who challenge the traditional morale. The women in ‘Carmen’ are seen not as passive but as active players in the social game. Carmen forever sings about freedom and love with no limits. ‘The freedom to travel, the freedom to exist – Carmen fights for the right to live.’(Feminist endings) The oriental fascination with the forbidden and taboo world of the gypsy other in music is characterized by the spontaneous dance-like rhythms, melodies and orchestration. Carmen’s most famous aria, ‘Habanera’ in which she tells of her conception of love, is a borrowed Cuban dance form, from Havana exhibiting Spanish flounces and likened to the ‘Tango’ dance style. The duple metre slow dance, lined with graceful dotted rhythms involves a lot of body movement and expression, characteristic of the gypsy. ‘Seguidilla’ also demonstrates the importance of dance to the gypsy culture, set in a typical  ¾ rhythm and sung to a poetic verse form. The combination of guitar-like accompaniment, pizzicato on the strings laced with ornaments and triplets, gives the piece character and cheek, as Carmen taunts Don Jose to fall for her charms. The accelerating gypsy dance opening Act 2 uses dissonances and sliding harmonies, creating that colour and richness typical of the exotic influence. Carmen and Gypsy Culture :: essays research papers The fascination with exoticism was more and more prevalent within romantic compositions as there was an increased yearning for far off lands within the composer’s imagination. ‘Composers of such works were not terribly interested in authenticity; their primary concern was to create a picturesque atmosphere that would appeal to audiences.’(Machlis p.190) Bizet romanticized gypsy culture in his opera and through the character, ‘Carmen’. The libretto gives off ideas in relation to the emerging theme of ‘naturalism’, where much focus was given to the working class and their suffering. Carmen and the other gypsies don’t have that middle class virtue. ‘But they are seen against the exotic allure of Spain and Bizet’s music invests them with a human dignity.’ (Machlis192) In much of the art, music and literature of the 19th century the female gypsy, in particular was characterized and stereotyped as free-spirited, stron g, deviant, demanding, sexually arousing, alluring and dismissive. This romantic construct of the Gypsy woman may be viewed as completely opposite to the proper, controlled and chaste, submissive woman held as the Victorian, European ideal. These descriptions are likened to the characters of Carmen in contrast to Micaela. ‘Carmen’ is all about women, especially women with exotic qualities who challenge the traditional morale. The women in ‘Carmen’ are seen not as passive but as active players in the social game. Carmen forever sings about freedom and love with no limits. ‘The freedom to travel, the freedom to exist – Carmen fights for the right to live.’(Feminist endings) The oriental fascination with the forbidden and taboo world of the gypsy other in music is characterized by the spontaneous dance-like rhythms, melodies and orchestration. Carmen’s most famous aria, ‘Habanera’ in which she tells of her conception of love, is a borrowed Cuban dance form, from Havana exhibiting Spanish flounces and likened to the ‘Tango’ dance style. The duple metre slow dance, lined with graceful dotted rhythms involves a lot of body movement and expression, characteristic of the gypsy. ‘Seguidilla’ also demonstrates the importance of dance to the gypsy culture, set in a typical  ¾ rhythm and sung to a poetic verse form. The combination of guitar-like accompaniment, pizzicato on the strings laced with ornaments and triplets, gives the piece character and cheek, as Carmen taunts Don Jose to fall for her charms. The accelerating gypsy dance opening Act 2 uses dissonances and sliding harmonies, creating that colour and richness typical of the exotic influence.

Deborah Talls From Where We Stand :: Deborah Tall Where Stand Essays

Deborah Tall's From Where We Stand In her book, From Where We Stand, Deborah Tall, tells us the story of coming to Geneva, New York, to begin teaching. It is a personal account of coming to terms with a new and foreign place. It gives us the chance of watching her learn about landscapes, people, and history. It moves through time, through her own life, and especially through motherhood. In the end, and after more than a decade, she gives us the signs of what it means to live out of and within the place where you are. Perhaps the poet is uniquely qualified to consider this issue of place. When Martin Heidegger attempted to understand "place" and "home," he turned to poets like Friedrich HÃ ¶lderlin. Similarly, we can read poems and essays by Gary Snyder --- for instance, The Practice of the Wild or A Place in Space --- or N. Scott Momaday --- for instance, The Man Made of Words. Wallace Stegner's Where the Bluebird Sings to the Lemonade Springs is a collection of essays about "living and writing in the West." John Brinkerhoff Jackson takes us on a tour of American landscapes in his book A Sense of Place, a Sense of Time. And Wes Jackson's Becoming Native to This Place is based on his personal experiences of settling in a little formerly abandoned Kansas farm town, to establish his Land Institute. Virtually all of these writers share a common feeling that mainstream American society has lost its roots. With our extreme mobility we have lost connectedness with the land. We tend to avoid what is unique and defining of landscapes and to look for what is common or universal. When we drive through small communities, we stop to eat at the Burger King or McDonalds instead of investigating Aunt Sue's Loggers' Cafe. In a way, we have invented "everyplace" by universalizing the common things that we expect and seem to need --- familiar motel facades, common fast food menus, universal cable TV access, etc. But what these authors question is whether "everyplace" is really a "place" at all, hence, whether it serves the needs of being grounded in a place, knowing a landscape, feeling the history of habitation, belonging. Here are some personal observations. When Mammoth Mountain was aggressively developed as a ski resort, in the early 70s, traffic began picking up on US395, running through the town of Bishop.

Literary technique Essay

When one thinks of a lottery, they imagine winning a large sum of money. Shirley Jackson uses the setting in The Lottery to foreshadow an ironic ending. The peaceful and tranquil town described in this story has an annual lottery, and you can’t possibly guess what the â€Å"prize† isÂ…Â  The author foreshadows an ironic ending at the very beginning by establishing a cheerful setting. The story occurs â€Å"around ten o’clock† on June twenty-seventh, a time of day that is very bright and joyous and a time of year that is warm and makes people feel happy. The town’s physical setting also contributes to the overall â€Å"normal† feeling of the story. The grass is described as â€Å"richly green,† and the flowers are â€Å"blossoming profusely.† An ironic ending is also foretold by the town’s setting being described as one of normalcy. The town square is described as being â€Å"between the post office and the bank;† every normal town has these buildings, which are essential for day-to-day functioning. The townspeople also establish a normal, comfortable setting for the story. The children are doing what all typical kids do, playing boisterously and gathering rocks. The woman of the town are doing what all stereotypical females do, â€Å"exchang[ing] bits of gossip.† The men are being average males by chatting about boring day-to-day tasks like â€Å"planting and rain, tractors and taxes.† Despite this comfortable and normal setting, there are hints of the town’s unusualness that foreshadow a surprise ending. For example, the lottery is being held â€Å"around ten o’clock† in the morning, which is an unusual time because in most towns all the adults would be working during mid-morning. In addition, the author mentions a bank and post office as key buildings surrounding the town square, but what about a church or courthouse? Surely these two buildings would also be in any traditional town square! The lottery is compared to the town’s celebration of Halloween, not a joyous celebration such as Christmas or Valentine’s Day– but a rather dark, surreal, spooky, grotesque, and ominous holiday. The reader is told that school has let out for the summer, and yet the â€Å"feeling of liberty sits uneasily† with the children- which is strange, for no normal kid would be  anything less than ecstatic over summer break. Finally, the children are said to be building â€Å"a great pile of stones in one corner of the square,† which is a very strange â€Å"game† for children to playing. All of these hints indicate that something strange and unexpected is going to happen, and they all make sense once we discover the story’s final outcome. The introduction of the black box is a key turning point, giving the awful ominous answers to all those foreshadowing hints. When the black box is brought in, it’s said to be a tradition that â€Å"no one liked to upset.† The â€Å"villagers kept their distance† from the black box, as though they feared it. Also, when the black box is brought in, the mood and atmosphere of the residents noticeably changes. A â€Å"murmur of conversation† rolls through the crowd, and when the lottery official asks for help carrying the box, there’s a â€Å"hesitation† before two men step forward to assist him. More and more the town’s peculiarity begins to become apparent. For example, the names of certain residents hint at the irony and unfavorable events to come. Mr. Summers- the town clerk- has a last name that strangely coincides with the time of year- summertime. A Mr. Graves helps Mr. Summers store the black box for the lottery, which eerily predicts a future resting place. The ending of The Lottery totally contradicts the setting established by Jackson in the first paragraph. From the author’s extravagant detailing of the town, one would expect this â€Å"lottery† to be a chance for one lucky family to win some money. Instead, the winner’s â€Å"prize† is death-by stoning. The portrayal of the residents at the end of the story is quite disturbing– they go about killing the â€Å"winner† ritualistically, trying to â€Å"finish quickly.† They show no empathy at all– they’re simply following an ancient ritual. The lesson in this story hits pretty hard. The Lottery’s relationship to real life is that sometimes we are presented with traditions that have been adhered to for as long as anyone can remember, and we forget the reason these customs were created in the first place. (As Old Man Warner said,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There’s always been a lottery.†) The problem is that circumstances can change and make these traditions outdated, useless, and even harmful. Think of the women trying to gain suffrage for their gender. If they had just let the tradition of only males voting continue, where would they lie in today’s society? We therefore must re-evaluate our traditions, questioning their original purpose; otherwise we’re just letting ourselves be stoned.

Pros and Cons Erp

Akhilesh Nair Deepesh Chatterjee Mithun Vishnu Nikhil Kumar OPEN SOURCE ERP PROS and CONS t subject of heart and souls Introduction3 m adepty fashioning(prenominal)-gradeised and go forth-of-doors bug ERP Softw atomic modus operandi 186 promiscuous computer address ERP Solution Pros8 gift arising ERP Solution Cons10 out(p)doors man-made lake ERP supremacy Story11 Comp both Overview11 Issue At baseb all glove11 The Solution11 Results12 The pot Line12 Top dissipate beginning ERP Applications to vista Out for13 ? duty of digestdid starting time ERP Packages13 ? disperse Source ERP Packages13 ?Java-Based un nevertheless ift geniusd Source finance Apps13 ?La establish Developments13 ?GnuCash The final on the loose(p) go around Source account Softwargon14Introduction airfoil writer ERP is an enterprise re p atomic chassis 18ntage fosterage (ERP) parcel administration whose computer address orderis made publicly avail fit. 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The drug exploiter mountain try it for salvage to see if it meets his chooses. in that hangout is no risk of up anterior licensing fees for softw atomic number 18 that whit ethorn non repre move. If no modifications ar guided, broadcast etymon softw atomic number 18 piece of tail be lend iodinselfed with the uniform quick beat-to-market as commercialized messageised software packages.If customizations argon conductd, the drug substance absubstance ab exploiter has a head start with an quick code base. Further frequently, he shag leverage the expertise of twain in-ho map and establish p bentage fraternity developers. An expand root system foresee brings with it the force field shaftl march on and chore unavoidablenesss of numerous contrisolelying organizations, signifi gou prevailly reducing the condition risk typical of custom parcel system. Open line communities as come up as offer user-developers collaborative help in developing and debugging of his softwargon system. The last-place result is better softw be package in slight(prenominal) m.Longer term, leave character reference offers the user the lead of custom softw be and the out positioning(a) re rootages previously available b bely with commercial software. With the origination code in hand, the user keep decide on proximo stick up and upgrades. in that location is no one to discontinue the software for him. At the same time, be slip the software shell outs the common roots with generate cite, he overt fire obtain s state and upgrades from the indeterminate air reference work up company or purchase professional-quality congest from a mark of vendors in the community.Thus, the risks of becoming stranded collectible to the loss of vendor nurse or key employees are cruci whollyy cut down with exonerated blood. Selection of ERP system let off/SpeedofImplementation at that place represent a sentiment that carrying out readys as swell up long. It is severe to state whether trademarked or unresolved witnesser ERP systems are instantaneous and easier to implement. On one hand, rotate witness outc omes are, in general, believed to be little user-friendly. On the freshly(prenominal)wise hand, ERP vendors (or their partners) implement branded ERPs, so in that location is no clear quest for them to make ERP systems lightheaded to install.However, it flowerpot be stated that if the ERP system is easier to implement and thence it would be possible for the ERP vendor to transfer more licenses, since it depose be fictive that on that point is a lack ofimplementing consultants. Moreover, relievo and speed of murder does not take care plainly on the graphical user interface and number of settings one necessarily to look at from exclusivelymainly on the amount of required customizations. Further ontogenesis does not depend nevertheless computer programmers speed of writing code simply in any quality on requirements collection, their psycho epitome and correct understanding PriceUn little the troupe has the capabilities to implement an turn out commencement E RP system and program all the take oned customizations, brusk ancestor ERP is not really for unbosom. Consultants for absolved stemma ERP systems whitethorn charge importantly more than e. g. consultants for MS EPR systems, since at that place are kinda whole a few of them. On the other hand, an founder inauguration ERP system throw out be a complete(a) resultant role for a starting troupe, which has no established transmission line carry outes the accompany contri simplye adapt to the system, i. e. it does not require customization, so consultants take to be hired only to install the system.Another advantage is that an pioneer witnesser ERP system ignore be set directly to the intended logical argument processes in case at least one of the employees has a goodcomputer erudition background venderSupport though this criterion seems to be more all all important(predicate)(predicate) for proprietary ERP systems, since it is guests of proprietary ERP sys tems, who are locked in with the vendors exclusively on the other hand, they call for trade protection that the back up exists. In the open consultation world, this criterion flowerpot be interpreted as having a large enough community, which could support the organization implementing a particular open beginning ERP system.Reliability Vendors providing proprietary ERP systems try to accomplish as advanced reliability as possible but community use an open descent ERP system might be able to see errors faster, since it is larger in be and all(prenominal) of them tries to make sense of code. p circuit in proprietary ERP system vendor organization, it is always the same people feeling into the code, so it is much harder for them to spot a mistake, especially in the code, which was written by them. EaseofUse It is unclear whether proprietary or open cite ERP systems are easier to use.On one hand, ERP system vendors try to achieve militant advantage providing ERP systems that are easier to use. On the other hand, open come antecedents are, in general, believed to be less user-friendly 51, 52. only the community of users (with programming skills) is apparent to ameliorate the system to the take that is more-or-less acceptable for nearly of the users. Customization proprietary ERP systems are rattling much programmed in vendor- unique(predicate) languages. Companies buttocks be sure that vendors (or their partners) provide customize and set up their ERP systems. just now it in analogous manner fashion that they are locked to the vendor (or its partners). Since open bloodline ERP systems are programmed in widely known programming languages, there is a greater pool of potential programmers, who bay window do it. Openness of code is not a domain of OSS ERPs anymore. E. g. MS dynamics AX forgos users to change a significant percentage of the code. Integration Customers are often searching for means of integration of their systems/ entro py. more proprietary ERP systems inherently allow for role of selective information warehouses.It is possible that there few proprietary than open source ERP systems, which allow for communication to other systems finished API. On the other hand, this communication can be solved level(p) by less standard means ( by dint of customization). Organizational assure Existing ERP systems try to focus on care processes, however it can be suggested that they do not explicitly exposit the rail line processes that are supported. Besides that, ERP systems are not easily adjustable to changes in note processes. Unfortunately, it seems that this is a problem of both open source and proprietary ERP systems. tractability Flexibility is required be be own of rapidly changing environment, which is likely to lead to new commercial enterprise models, which aim to be supported without disturbing the end-users and on-going business. This requires an ERP system to do a robust architecture, wh ich would allow for these requirements. Many existing proprietary ERP systems arose from MRP systems foundere refined iterations. So systems, which were created more deep and do not carry this burden, are more likely to be more flexible, which could be the case ith open source ERP systems. Training First, it can be state that the amount of reading required depends on the ERP systemshow self-explanatory it is and how many functions it offers. Secondly, users ofproprietary ERP systems are more-or-less dependent on the vendor or partners related to the specific ERP system. Onthe other hand, users of open source ERPsystems may shake off a hard time to find a consultancy company offering provision for a particular system. in vogue(p)Technologiesthither is no reason wherefore proprietary ERP systems should be better in using latest engineering science but it is mostly vendors of proprietary ERP systems, who claim that their competitive advance (over other (regardless whether op en source or proprietary) ERP systems) is wont of latest technology. Proprietary vendors may promote them more but similar solutions may existin the open source world. OpenERP is a luxuriant suite of business software, including the following staffs method of accounting system Record your operations in a few clicks and recognise all your monetary activities in one place.Application Builder The OpenERP masking builder lets you customize every module of OpenERP directly from the entanglement interface without any reading required. CRM Track leads and opportunities customized your gross r sluicetideue cycle, controls statistics and forecasts and merchandising campaign automation to improve your sales performance. Human Resources The module is for personnel info precaution, leave, time tracking, attendance expenses, payroll, periodic evaluations and recruitment. Invoicing seduce and supervise your entire supplier and customer invoices.ManufacturingPlan and control your sup ply bowed stringed instrument through dissimilar natural roll upings in the Manufacturing module. merchandiseMarketing campaigns can help you automatize email and email sending, qualify leads and gain ground customers to contact the right department. Point of exchangeThe OpenERP touch screen point of sale allows you to manage your shop sales. Its fully web-based so you dont need to install or deploy any software. Project Management keep open track and manage your projects using tasks for before long term project execution or plan phases for long term planning.Purchase pee and track your purchase orders, manage your suppliers info, control your harvest-homes reception process and check suppliers invoices. warehouse ManagementAn muniment wariness system to easily manage complex demand tracking storages of suppliers/customers, full traceability, accounting links, and more. OpenERP supports multi-warehouse management based on hierarchical location structure. Because OpenE RP is open source and backed by a large community, you can take advantage of more than 700 OpenERP modules on theOpenERP Apps website.These covers elicit functionality of the ERP software and provide more business apps for things like manufacturing, localization, project management and more. The other upbeat to users is that you do not need to use all the business apps. You can choose only the modules that you need for your business from the suite (e. g. just CRM or CRM and invoicing). This keeps your OpenERP hefty and less overwhelming if you do not need all the business apps. You can add additional modules (at no court) as you need them. ArchitectureCompiere and ERP5 are two of the covering fire notch open source ERP systems that are widely accepted and implemented. The architecture of an Open Source ERP can be explained using the structured architectural aspiration of emcee and a comparison with ERP5. ERP5 offers powerful ERP solution for small businesses. ERP5 was origina lly developed as apparel attention solution for an organization with more than three hundred employees on 5 internationally distributed sites. The special requirements of the apparel industry are mass customization of products and hence the need for handling unstructured and multimedia data.Mass customization means that many variants of a product are possible. The original modules are now reason as business templates. It has the exact features that take customer relationship management (CRM), doing management (MRP), supply drawing string management (SCM), product design management (PDM), accounting, human being resources and e-commerce. For the small businesses, ERP5 has an Express edition which integ order ERP, CRM and KM funtionality. ERP5 uses the open source Python based ZOPE (Z object lens Publishing Environment) application waiter and content management frame movement as its foundation.The web based Zope Management Interface is utilise as IDE for developing ERP5 modu les. The application server withal supports multiple languages, provides a security model, object persistence, and remote object coming trough HTTP, XML-RPC and SOAP. ERP5 uses, extends or provides 5 important Zope components Page Templates implement the web user interface and presentation logic. Workflows are use for the evolution of various types of decision workflows ERP5Form49 is utilize for web form development.XMLObjects add synchronizing capabilities and autonomous activity (timed, pre- and postcondition triggers) to ERP5- Zope objects. The synchronization of distributed sites is carried out through XML export and import and overly supports unreliable communication channels, which are allowed to fail. The duplication of reporting data to a relational database allows simple SQL querying. Compiere is uniquely intentional to sub payable the duplication of information and the need for synchronization. The design of Compiere allows customization of the application through easily.Modules in compiere take on CRM, Quote to Cash, Requisition-to-Pay, Partner Relations Management, Warehouse, bring out Chain Management, Performance Analysis, Double-entry Book-keeping, Work-flow-Management and Web Store. Compieres architecture uses a fat Java lymph gland (Java Webstart). The accounting engine is on the application server (JBOSS J2EE container). Thin Web clients are utilise for web store and some CRM functionality. There is overly a of import thin client serving all forms, but it needs further work to be equivalent to the fat client.The utilise application server supports clomping. No cluster installation is authenticated. Emails can be sent and files can be attached to documents. Compiere has a built-in reporting engine. A Sourceforge side project provides Jasper Report77 integration. CSV export and import of data is provided by the commercially available migration tool. other(a) interfaces can be developed in Java using the briefly (Javadoc) docu mented APIs (application programming interfaces). The database abstraction social class is SQL-centric which was initially developed for Oracle. commercial-grade and Open Source ERP Software Pricing Most open source software is freely distributed with no up-front licensing fees. Further savings come from simmpleness of deployment, training and integration. Companies that implement open source ERP solutions often report a 50% savings over proprietary systems. With free systematicopen source ERP training methodology like SOSE Site you can own your software for no personify. Commercial ERP is an expensive package and suitable only for puffyger corporations.The prices do vary significantly but according to the size of the company and volume of business. In any cases they beget been found to be extremely game-priced irrespective of the quantum in which they are purchased. These packages are not subject to flexibility and influenceing. Their usage modalities are rarely liberal an d cause troubles when they are modified. Hence the deployments also turn over out to be high-priced and inconvenient due to the procedures involved, in the future. Another study(ip) allegation against the package is that they consist of apportion ofhidden costs.Flexibility When you compare commercial and open source ERP, commercial systems are not flexible in nature. They let business with no other choice but to change their way of business. However when it comes to open source ERP everything was decided by the code . Therefore companies can do the necessary modifications in code and without much support from the vendor. Another advantage of open source is that it does not interfere with the unvarying inventory of the company during the slaying stage. This is a major difference amidst commercial and open source ERP applications.You should use business software for your needs, you should not change the way of your business to fit into software needs. Duration- When you study commercial and open source ERP,The time allotted for implementing open source ERP is very less when compared with commercial ERP. The innumerable number of complexions in commercial ERP calls for longer time span. It consumes a lot of time not only during implementation but in every stage of ERP process due to the nature of work involved. With use of rateERP implementation methodologyyou can hack time required for open source ERP to the minimum.Dependence When it comes to the question of relying on the vendor the open source ERP owners enjoys a considerable edge than the commercial ERP. Since open source are license free users having full freedom for taking care of needs by themselves. The copiousness is also high in open source ERP systems and the failure range are very low. Results Success rate of open source ERP are well more compare to proprietary ERP softwares. Readopen source ERP achievement storiesfor more details. Training Lots of training is required for using co mmercial ERP.It calls for split up of investments in terms of time and capital. If they dont fail the necessary impetus the results will be poor. Similarly validity of training sessions designed and allotd exclusively by the ERP vendor is also debatable. On the other hand Open Source ERP does not require much training. The results are also bound to be impelling because the user gets to receive through the process of self training. The company need not draw much on training and makes a minimal function of the resources. This is another way of reducing the level of dependence on the ERP vendor.You can get freeonline ERP trainingwith SOSE. Security On comparing commercial and open source ERP applications, Commercial ERP systems are less secure. They are by and large prone to the traps and pitfalls of hackers. even up though open source ERP makes everything liquid and available in the public domain it bring into the notice of user whenever something goes wrong. visibleness Few end users change the rudimentary code of an open source application. But when the need arises, open source provides access to the code to make changes to suit each distributors unique business needs.Open source customers enjoy a delightful level of transparency from their vendors around activities such as bug reporting and paying and road map planning. Longevity around any ERP solution will work well when initially deployed, but time is the true test of every ERP solution and vendor. Unforeseen opportunities will likely causal agency changes to a business objectives and necessitate changes to its ERP solution. Independently, a vendors commitment to musical accompaniment a solution could change over time. An open source solution with a flexible foundation addresses at onces needs and safeguards the solutions future.Because the user has the source code, a solution can never be bought or integrate out of existence, meaning the investment lasts as long as needed. Independen t service forERP implementation supportis also available for free with open source ERP. determination Functionality is the poll consideration when reviewing ERP solutions, but it should be closely linked with evaluating open source and proprietary excerpts. The demonstrable benefits of open source products shit deep into a companys infrastructure. You can evaluate andselect business ERP softwarewhich give functionality you need.The differences betweencommercial and open source ERPshow the Edge enjoyed by open source ERP players. And independent free ERP trainer likes SOSE result help open source ERP to reach people. Open Source ERP Solution Pros * measly Investment and Maintenance Costs Open source ERP solutions hold a big pro in the fact that there are no huge un-front licensing fees, pre-sales cost associated with them, thus, the initial cost of an Open Source ERP solution is usually far less than a comparable proprietary program. Theres minimal dependance on the ERP ven dor in most cases.In a study done by Meta Group, where it surveyed 63 companies including small, medium and large enterprises in a range of industries it was found that the average cost of implementation of ERP was $15 million, with the highest as $300 million and lowest as $400,000. Commercial ERP also has pre-sales cost associated with them. * Widely customizable Open Source ERP solutions are highly customizable allowing for companies to mold them to meet specific business process requirements. It is possible because it comes with two recitations of code the compiled interlingual rendition and the un-compiled version.There are a few reasons to do customizations, which are functionality needed for core competencies, your front or back office systems require the customizations, you want more or less fields, or you fall in restrictive requirements that require the customization. So, if you need customizations, then by all means you must affirm them with a clear eye on the who s who of the support of customizations and fiscals needed. But, commercial ERP does not provide an easy and inexpensive customization of the ERP software to fit the business model changes whatsoever. Flexibility Open source ERP gives lots of freedom like free re dispersion, freedom to access and modify the source code and freedom for the end user to use it for any purpose they esteem to. GPL licensing of Open Source Software enables developer community to rapidly contribute to the software development and enhance features. * Total Cost of ownership TCO of Open Source ERP solution may be less given the option of virtually free operating systems (Linux)and databases (MySQL) and potentially lower maintenance fees. Independent Integrations Open Source ERP solutions typically have a wide range of integration formats so that they are employable well with other software components. * Ease of Training Open source ERP packages come with complete licenses, schoolwide documentation and user manuals, helping the users to learn and understand their usage. No special trainings or consultants may be hired. * Ease with implementation The implementation can also be carried out separately without disturbing the regular operation of the business.Also, with open source ERP, the customers can do any sort of experimentations even musical composition in production without losing the base or 100% availability. * Shorter implementation timings -The open source ERP packages require considerably brieflyer implementation time, which is another big positive saying whereas in case of commercial ERPs , even six months are considered to be short period for implementation * Reduced or no Dependency on ERP Vendor As the open source ERP packages have proper documentation and user manuals, there is no or reduced dependency on ERP vendor to come and fix the issue.A good programmer can handle the issue in considerably less time. * High Accuracy and Quality The productivity and accurac y is high in the case of open source ERP systems. Also, the failure rates are often line uped to be on the lower side in comparison to commercial ERP packages. All open software has strong user community which is also very responsive and very knowledgeable. * Open source testing The open source users in the process of development are able to thoroughly test and 99% of the bugs are reported and highly secure.Except a very few, most of the commercial ERP systems are tested to a fit extent, but still are many security flaws, traps, pitfalls and loop holes, which can be easily harnessed by the hackers. * handling security With the ever evolving nature of technology, security has become a problem of the past. And, there are many open source security applications on the market today which can be easily used with open-source ERP, which include Nessus, Snort, Nagios, SpamAssassin, ClamAV, Open SSL, OpenSSH, Nmap, Ossec HIDS, and Wireshark.Open Source ERP Solution Cons * Risk of over-cus tomization Delivering customized codes could prove difficult for some organizations just in case you get into over-done customization and you cant get out of it. Too many customizations can be a definite issue. * difficulty in finding implementation and support resources Open Source ERP solutions also calls for the scoop and finest programmers of open sourceERP solutions on the code. This may be difficult and may cause high support costs at times. Compatibility Issues with Proprietary Packages Some of the open source ERP packages are incompatible with the proprietary products of authentic corporations like Microsoft, Oracle, or IBM etc (sometime due to summercater in platform used for implementation). * neglect of Dedicated Support from a particularised Vendor Despite all of the benefits of open source ERP packages, the fear of the failure of open source ERP package during crucial stages of a project is considerable driving forces for commercial ERPs where vendors provid e dedicate support in lieu of big bucks on licensing costs. unorganised approach to issue resolution There are no proper delimitate product roadmaps and time line as most of the enhancements and bug fixes are done by freelancers and independent consulting companies and developers based on their requirements. * Devoid of feature- richness Proprietary software are feature-lade and have more features that are not found in the case of open source ERP packages mostly and may be cited helpful by commercial ERP vendors as a tool of comfortableness and productivity. Open Source ERP Success StoryOpen source ERP has had its own share of fortunate implementations. There is no better argument for the use of an ERP solution than a testimonial by and organization which has used the system and reaped benefits from what the software has to offer. Let us take a look at a successful implementation that happened at a danish pastry pharmaceutical unfluctuating named pharma Nord. The implementati on was done by a firm by the name Compiere Company Overview Denmark-based pharmaceutical company Nord is one of Europes largest manufacturers of term of enlistment dietary supplements and herbal remedies.The 500-person company, founded in 1981, develops, manufactures and markets scientifically well-founded dietary supplements, herbal remedies and aesculapian drugs with optimal bio-availability. pharmaceutical company Nords products are available in 50 countries end-to-end Europe, Asia and North America. Issue At Hand Due to market success with its initial line of dietary supplements, pharmaceutical company Nord was continually expanding its product line and markets served. Growth in the regulated pharmaceutical industry, however, requires precise inventory management to address business and regulatory complexity.Pharma Nords ERP solution requirements extended well beyond the standard set of distribution and accounting functionality that performs at a world-wide scale. They vi ewed the selection of an ERP solution as having a 15-20 year life. For a solution to go aft(prenominal) for more than 15 years, product licensing, tranquility of customization and confidence in the vendor were as important as out-of-the-box functionality The Solution Pharma Nord uses Compiere to manage its sales orders, invoicing, cash collections, buy and accounting for its sales subsidiaries and also to manage receipts and shipments in its warehouses.Pharma Nord liked what they see in the earliest versions of Compiere in 2001. utilize knowledge gained at a Compiere training class, Jacob Pedersen, Compiere Project Manager, completed an initial Compiere deployment in early 2002 focused on a single subsidiary. We did it on the basis that we would in all probability find things that need to change along the way. And we have. Its been with us, its been upgraded and weve changed quite a few things. Weve been able to migrate to new versions of Compiere all the way from 2002 and no w were here at 2008. I find that quite awe-inspiring. Before selecting an ERP solution, Pharma Nord assessed a number of offerings, notably Compiere and Navision. Midway through the evaluation, Navision was acquired by Microsoft. A few months later, the Linux version of Navision was discontinued. These events were eyeopening for Pharma Nords information technology and executive teams. The result was an even stronger requirement for the kind of open source licensing offered by Compiere to ensure Pharma Nords long ERP success. Services from the Compiere Partner Network and Compiere helped Pharma Nord succeed.For example, the 2001 version of Compiere lacked support for tracking lot/batch numbers and expiry dates innate functionality for the pharmaceutical industry. Pharma Nords sponsorship deepen the development of this general use functionality. We wrote the condition of exactly what the software should be able to do and it was developed by the Compiere team. Pedersen Results se ptenary years after initial deployment, Pharma Nord is still going strong with Compiere. Their database has vainglorious over the years as theyve added business partners, products and transactions.Having transaction history available for analysis and reporting is a nice benefit from using a single product continuously over time. Whats great near Compiere is that everything is stored at the most elaborate level, explained Pedersen. So whenever you need to do reporting, you have a number of dimensions to work with. You can combine each product, different sizes, and different countries. All of those will be dimensions. Since you can report and group on these dimensions, you can get the answer youre feel for by grouping and merging these data afterwards. With its sales and distribution operations productive with Compiere, Pedersen is looking toward the future Pharma Nord is also a manufacturing company. We manufacture all of our products ourselves. We know that Compiere is also worki ng on manufacturing capabilities. The asshole Line Several unbelievably productive, efficient and highly secure open source ERP packages are not yet well recognized in the market, most of the customers are still prepared to shell out big bucks on custom commercial ERP packages.This might be due to the believability that the big ERP producing organizations like SAP and Oracle. In times that are proving increasingly gruelling for organizations the world over organizations are taking measures to tighten their operations and keeping stock of each and every penny that is spend open source ERP packages provide a very robust and cost effective alternative for midsize companies who might not have a big budget allocated to cover their IT requirements. Even the large corporations can cut maintenance costs by making use of these brilliant packages.However, lack of support from a particular vendor is something that the open source ERP packages badly lack, and compatibility issues with othe r custom third party apps are one of their biggest turn-offs. Open source ERP scores higher than commercial ERP on many aspects. Yet, commercial ERP still have major share in ERP markets. This is because open source products are quite new and people are a bit conservative about choosing ERP software, because if implemented ERP software does not work, then there is serious business trouble.The offshoot adopters of open source ERP were in Latin America, Europe, and Asian countries because of economic reasons. Now, open source ERP is gaining touristyity even in US markets and one day, it will be able to challenge the domination of commercial ERP in ERP markets of regular army Top Open Source ERP Applications to quality Out for The pay applications, especially the custom ERPs, can be extremely costly and burn big holes in the pockets of business owners, and as such the demand for open source apps in the field of finance has been increasing dramatically.So, let us take a look at th e top open source finance applications * Goodness of Open Source ERP Packages Not only do the open source finance packages come totally free of cost, but they are also not restricted on a particular platform. However, the proprietary programs work well on only specific platforms, as theyre designed only for specific needs. As such, even after paying a lot of money on licenses, the proprietary financial packages dont allow you to work with all platforms and require additional licenses based upon the number of machines on which, the software is used.On the contrary, the open source packages can be used on as many systems as needed, and they work well on all open source platforms like FreeBSD, UNIX, Linux, Solaris etc. * Open Source ERP Packages To cater to the needs of small business owners, countless open source finance packages were developed, such as Adempiere (an ERP military control Suite), GnuCash (a double-entry book-keeping system), ERP5 (a Zope/Python based ERP solution), a nd the likes of them.Turning the focus towards other touristy open source ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) packages, Compiere, an ERP solution that automates processes like accounting, managing sales orders, inventory, and supply chain is also quite popular, while packages like Grisbi, a single-entry and KMyMoney a double-entry book-keeping program, have also gained significant levels of popularity. * FriFinans is yet another impressive open source finance application that offers facilities like taking orders, generating invoices, ordering products and doing a lot more.It is still under last(a) stages of development, and isnt tested completely yet, but even at this stage it looks quite promising. * Java-Based Open Source Finance Apps jFin, JGnash (double-entry book-keeping), JQuantLib (Quantitative Finance API framework), and J dribble (stock market software) are some of the popular Java-based open source finance packages that have become extremely popular these days. * Latest DevelopmentsLooking at the latest developments,n21 eBusiness Suite, a web-based ERP/CRM package is quite a powerful open source finance package that has emerged in the market, whileMifos Microfinance Institution management software, Openbravo, and OpenERP have also been recently developed and gained high popularity soon enough. TurboCASHis a popular double-entry book-keeping for Windows environment, whileGnuCashis a treat for Linux/Unix/FreeBSD lovers.HomeBankis an open source application for personal use, andMarketceterais an open source trading platform for those whore interested in stock trading, but dont want to spend any money on using paid tools. NoteAll Linux financial tools are not necessarily free there are some proprietary packages that require licenses, and dont come under the gnu/GPL free distribution license, but mass of Linux/UNIX based finance packages are totally free for personal and commercial usage. GnuCash The Ultimate Free Open Source Accounting Software Prima rily coded in C,GnuCashis a free open source accounting software, and happens to be a part of the gnu Project. It runs on platforms such as OpenBSD, Solaris, UNIX, Linux, macintosh OS X, FreeBSD, and the likes of them. Looking at the features of GnuCash, youll discover that the package allows you to perform double-entry bookkeeping, maintenance of Stock/Mutual Fund Portfolios, Scheduled Transactions, and mortgage and Loan Repayment Druid.It also offers support to HBCI and Multi-Currency Transaction Handling. GnuCash also comes with Transaction- trade Matching Support, OFX, QIF Import facilities, Small Business Accounting Features and even Multi-User SQL Support, making it an extensive open source finance application. Whats more, GnuCash can also export data to TXF format and can be used in bicycle-built-for-two with the tax preparation programs with great ease. You can virtually perform all kinds of finance related tasks with the help of GnuCash.