Case Project Information Security

Virus Attacks While computer viruses are not as formidable as they were in the past decade mostly as a result of strong antivirus software, they still pose significant threat to users. In the near past, there have been a number of viruses that have posed a significant threat to computer users all over the world. Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Case Project Information Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sites such as the McAfee threat center which is dedicated to giving descriptions for the virus threats that may attack users provide an elaborate list of computer threats. Some of these threats include; the W32 virus and the Generic.dx!rwj Trojan. The W32/Trebot virus is an especially troublesome virus that consists of a server editing component. With this component, the virus visits pre determined internet addresses for commands which are executed on a victim’s machine. The damage that this vir us does on an individual’s computer includes slowing down the machine by downloading and executing other files which use up the systems memory resources. An even bigger risk that the virus poses is that it uses the host machine to perpetrate denial of service attacks over the internet. While Windows ME and Xp are especially vulnerable to this virus, this virus also affects the Mac Os. The Generic.dx!rwj is a Trojan that purports to be executing some beneficial task but is in fact a malicious program. The Generic.dx!rwj Trojan in particular compromises a user’s system and then seeks out messaging applications that may be installed. From these applications, the Trojan extracts contact information and sends them out to the Trojan creators. The particular damage that this Trojan presents is that it compromises the privacy of a computer user by stealing personal information. This information may then be sold to spammers or marketers who will use it for sending spam mail t o the user. This Trojan primarily affects the Windows platform as it compromises the registry keys by including itself as an authorized program. Cell Phone Attacks Over the years, the usage of cell phones has expanded to cover more than just voice communication. With this expansion in functionality, the vulnerability of cell phones has also increased leading to a need for protection from attacks. The most basic protection service offered to mobile phones is the PIN code that makes access to a device hard without authentication. Advertising Looking for assessment on programming? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In Japan where mobile phones are utilized in financial transactions, sophisticated security features such as facial recognition are used to safeguard a user’s account. To address the issue of virus infection which mostly occurs as a result of downloads and file transfer, there exist mobile antivirus software which protects the phone from virus attacks by preventing infections. The Symbian OS for example provides antivirus software that users with phones running on this platform can download and use to protect against viruses and malware. The currently implemented protections are not adequate as mobile software is not as mature as PC software. There is also a lack of consciousness by users as to the risks they are exposed to. User awareness of the dangers that most modern phones are exposed to should be increased. In my opinion, both the cell phone providers and the user should be responsible for blocking attacks. The provider should ensure that the phone is fitted with antivirus software and utilities such as password protection to prevent attacks. The user on the other hand should be responsible for regularly updating the phone’s antivirus software as well as undertaking best practices such as selective synchronization of files to avoid transferring of infected files from a PC. Oper ating System Patches In the month of February, Microsoft issued patches that were meant to address security and non-security issues in the various Windows OS Platforms. This February patches were meant to address 26vulnerabilities that had been discovered in Windows. Some of the vulnerabilities that were addressed by the Patch included: risk of denial of service attacks, elevation of privileges by restricted account holders and remote code execution. The elevation of privileges threat could be carried out either locally or remotely by users with valid credentials. Some of the remote code execution issues could affect the PowerPoint application in the MS Office Suite.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Case Project Information Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The severity of the problems that the patch addressed varied. Some of the vulnerabilities that were marked as â€Å"critical† in severit y meaning that their presence presented a big risk to the operating system. These critical problems were the Remote Code Execution vulnerabilities. The Denial of service and Elevation of privileges vulnerabilities were marked as â€Å"important† in severity meaning that while they did not present as big a risk as the critical vulnerabilities, their presence was still undesirable. Once the patches were installed, there were no known problems that occurred either to the operating system or to the MS Office application for which the patch was applied. This assessment on Case Project Information Security was written and submitted by user Stephen Blake to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Film Noir essays

Film Noir essays In this movie there is a lot more to this case than meets the eye, and when Vivian Rutledge summons Philip to find out exactly what he has been contracted to do, we sort of get the hint of the multi-dimensional story that is to evolve here. It turns out that the Sternwood sisters have secrets they need to keep. Carmen is involved in certain activities that have exposed her to blackmail, and Vivian has a little habit that has also exposed her to danger, which Philip Marlowe has to sort out. Add into the equation specialist book dealers who know nothing about books. Things never get dull around the Sternwood sisters. The point of the movie I think is based more on the relationships between Marlowe and all the multiple people he interacted with. There are various beautiful women among the cast that were just drawn to Marlowe. Such as Lauren Bacall as Vivian Rutledge who provides Marlowe's love-interest. The private eye is in a tough spot, falling for the beautiful dame with a secret she does not want to share. The relationship with Vivian is complex but candid. At times it is a little hard to see the affection between the two being real but it is the remarks between the two that makes it work. The scenes between them are great; there are a great number sexually electric, innuendo-filled exchanges in this film. The interconnection across the whole film is immaculate. Most of the women Marlowe comes across only play minor roles. There is Martha Vickers as Carmen Sternwood who seemed like she was always drugged or drunk when we saw her, she tries to jump into his lap while he's still standing. Carmen is beautiful but childish, every time she saw Marlowe she would flirt with him saying how cute he was. It seems like every female in the cast wants to get her hands on Marlowe, including a quick and easy Dorothy Malone, bored in her specs while clerking at a book store. She was so intrigued by Marlowe that its unexp ...

The ideas of John Keynes(1936) are extremely relevant to the current Essay

The ideas of John Keynes(1936) are extremely relevant to the current macroeconomic situation in the UK(situation of recent 5 years). Discuss - Essay Example Economics is the science of wealth creation and it involves formulation of theories that are debated and tested leading to some being accepted, rejected or modified. They all involve the question of what to produce using the scarce resources, how to ensure stable prices with full employment and how to ensure and provide a raising living standard for the people today and tomorrow.( Sloman 2010) John Keynes was (1883-1946) was a British economist whose ideas greatly impacted on the modern day macro economics with an effect on the British social liberalals. In 1936 he broke from the classical theory of economics with the publication of the General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money that advocated for an interventionist policies by the government. The main tool by which the government will intervene included the fiscal and monetary policy to mitigate against the adverse effects of capitalism that is recession, depression and business cycles. His theories are what are known as the Keynesian theory of economics. For the classical view held that in a recession that wages and salaries would decline to restore full employment, but Keynes held that the opposite was true. Falling prices and wages depresses peoples incomes thus preventing a revival of spending. Keynes insisted that a direct government spending was necessary to increase the spending. In his theory one persons sp ending goes towards another earnings thus when he/she is spending her money she/he is infect supporting another’s earning and the circle continues and this is what helps and support the normal function of an economy. When a depression hits, people hoard money and this action deprives the economy of money in circulation making it to be at a stand still. These ‘crunch’ can be best corrected by the government intervention so as

The Third Sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Third Sector - Essay Example Environmental advocates, civil rights groups, and public awareness promoters all fall into the Third Sector. Some groups work on a very local level while others are national and international in scope, and everyone will, at some point, take advantage of the services they provide. While the number of organizations is large, and their missions widely different, they all share the common goal of serving the public by mobilizing donors and volunteers in a belief that individuals coming together for a shared purpose can make a difference in the world we live in. The Third Sector is grouped together according to the services they provide. The organizations within the group often serve similar if not identical functions such as within education. With education as a common denominator, the institutions will work together to promote the value of their services and work to provide greater availability and access. Groups will form coalitions to lobby for effective legislation that will allow them to function more effectively. Often times, groups such as the Red Cross and hospitals will share resources in an effort to deal with a natural disaster.

The film Jimi - All Is By My Side Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The film Jimi - All Is By My Side - Essay Example The biggest disappointment in the film was that when the audience expected some depiction of creativity and humor on Jimi, they were shown depression and a gloomy tale that indicated Jimi as a speechless mystic who had no spirit. Instead of the director showing Jimi in tour within Europe and performing music, the director only showed violence, overdoses, and mental breakdowns. This is quite an unprofessional film making and would probably make the audience wish the film was over. One would feel like they are watching an interpretation of the events. The article by Ian Inglis, â€Å"Popular Music History on Screen: The Pop/Rock Biopic† According to Ian’s article, the film followed the expectation of the biopic. In the film, one can see how Hendrix grew to stardom as he passed through the hardships. However, biopic films are always very predictable and turn out to be boring. The film producers decided to choose the year before Hendrix was a superstar. A fascinating thing about the film is that it does not only indicate to the viewers the particular period in Hendrix’s life but also teases it out in a popular figure. Hendrix has been a hero of his own and Benjamin manages to convey a character that was quite difficult. It is the conflicting and philosophical elements of Hendrix’s characters that prove to be quite compelling. One can get the notion that if he had not been found playing guitar in New York, Hendrix would have been satisfied playing the guitar anywhere and buying some second-hand clothes.

Total Consumption Burner And Premix Chamber Burner Comparison Biology Essay

Total Consumption Burner And Premix Chamber Burner Comparison Biology Essay Atomic emission is a process that occurs when electromagnetic radiation is emitted by excited atoms or ions. In atomic emission spectrometry the sample is subjected to temperatures high enough to cause not only dissociation into atoms, but also to cause significant amounts of collisional excitation and ionisation of the sample atoms to take place. Once the atoms and ions are in the excited states, they can decay to lower states through thermal or radiative (emission) energy transitions and electromagnetic radiation is emitted. An emission spectrum of an element contains several more lines than the corresponding absorption spectrum. FES (formerly called flame photometry) is in principle similar to emission spectroscopy, with flame as the source of excitation energy (flame atomiser). A flame provides a high-temperature source for desolvating and vaporizing a sample to obtain free atoms for spectroscopic analysis. In atomic absorption spectroscopy ground state atoms are desired. For atomic emission spectroscopy the flame must also excite the atoms to higher energy levels. The table lists temperatures that can be achieved in some commonly used flames. In atomic spectroscopy, atomization is the conversion of a vaporized sample into atomic components or the process of obtaining atomic vapor. Liquid samples are first nebulized (convert a liquid into a mist or fine spray), the fine mist is transported into the atomization source (flame or plasma), where the solvent evaporates and the analyte is vaporized, then atomized. A flame atomiser is composed of a nebulisation system with a pneumatic aerosol production accessory, a gas-flow regulation and a burner. Flame are produced by means of a burner to which fuel and oxidant are supplied in the form of gases. There are two types of aspirator-burner used, total-consumption burner and premix chamber burner. Nebulisation is a process to convert (a liquid) to a fine spray Total Consumption Burner In total-consumption burner, the fuel and oxidant (support) gases are mixed and combust at the tip of the burner. The fuel (usually acetylene), oxidant (usually air) and sample all meet at the base of flame. The sample is drawn up into the flame by the Venturi Effect, by the support gas. The gas creates a partial vacuum above the capillary barrel, causing the sample to be forced up the capillary. It is broken into a fine spray at the tip where the gases are turbulently mixed and burned. This is the usual process of nebulisation. The burner is called total consumption because the entire aspirated sample enters the flame or in other words the sample solution is directly aspirated into the flame. All desolvation, atomization, and excitation occurs in the flame. However, the total consumption burner can be used to aspirate viscous and high solids samples with more ease, such as undiluted serum and urine. Also, this burner can be used for most types of flames, both low- and high-burning velocity flames. Surface mixing Total Consumption Burner The Venturi Effect is the reduction in fluid pressure that results when a fluid flows through a constricted section of pipe Premix Chamber Burner The second type of burner, most commonly used now, is the premix chamber burner, sometimes called laminar-flow chamber. Premix burners were the first purpose-designed burners, and they can be traced back more than 100 years to the Bunsen and similar laboratory burners. A premix burner system really consists of two key components, the burner head or nozzle, and the gas-air mixing device that feeds it. The fuel and support gases are mixed in a chamber before they enter the burner head (through a slot) where they combust. The sample solution is again aspirated through a capillary by the Venturi effect using the support gas for the aspiration. Large droplets of the sample condense and drain out of the chamber. The remaining fine droplets mix with the gases and enter the flame. As much as 90% of the droplets condense out, leaving only 10% to enter the flame. The 90% of the sample that does not reach the flame will travels back through the mixing chamber and out as waste drain. The premix burners are generally limited to relatively low-burning velocity flames. The most outstanding disadvantage of the premix burner is that only low burning-velocity flames can be used. A burning velocity which is higher than the rate of flow gases leaving the burner will cause the flame to travel down into the burner resulting in an explosion commonly known as flashback. Because of this limitation it is somewhat difficult to use high burning-velocity gases, which includes oxygen-based flames. Most commercial instrument use premix burners with the option of using total-consumption burner. Premix burners are distinguished as Bunsen-, Meker-, or slot-burners according to whether they have one large hole, a number of small holes, or a slot as outlet for the gas mixture, respectively. When several parallel slots are present, they are identified as multislot burners (e.g., a three-slot burner). A popular version of premix burner is the Boling burner. This is a three slot burner head that results in a broader flame and less distortion of radiation passing through at the edges of the flame. This burner warps more easily than others, though, and care must be taken not to overheat it when using organic solvents. The difference between total-consumption burner and premix chamber burner a) Nebulisation process In total-consumption burner,the fuel (usually acetylene), oxidant (usually air) and sample all meet at the base of flame. The sample is drawn up into the flame by the Venturi Effect, by the support gas. The gas creates a partial vacuum above the capillary barrel, causing the sample to be forced up the capillary. It is broken into a fine spray at the tip where the gases are turbulently mixed and burned. This is the usual process of nebulisation. While in premix burners, the fuel and support gases are mixed in a chamber before they enters the burner head (through a slot) where they combust. The sample solution is again aspirated through a capillary by the Venturi effect using the support gas for the aspiration. Large droplets of the sample condense and drain out of the chamber. b) Size of sample droplet that enters the flame (atomization efficiency) and absorption pathlength The total consumption burner obviously uses the entire aspirated sample, but it has a shorter path length and many larger droplets are not vaporized in the sample. The path length is extremely short, since combustion occurs only at a point above the capillary tube. Although in the total-consumption burners the entire sample is aspirated, the vaporization and atomization is poor. Although a large portion of the aspirated sample is lost in the premix burner, the atomization efficiency (efficiency of producing atomic vapour) of that portion of the sample that enters the flame is greater, because the droplets are finer. Also, the path length is longer. The sample which does reach the flame is efficiently atomized. So sensitivities are comparable with either burner in most cases. c) Interference to flame In total consumption burner, the larger droplets may vaporize partially, leaving solid particles in the light path. This may result in light scattering, which is registered as an absorbance. The absorbance by the sample, that is, the atomic vapour population, is generally more dependent on the gas flow rates and the height of observation in the flame than with the premix burners. The viscosity of the sample will more greatly affect the atomization efficiency (production of atomic vapour) in the total consumption burner. The resulting drops are relatively large which will cause the flame temperature to fluctuate and will scatter the source radiation. This may cause false measurements to be detected. This interference will not happen in premix burner since fine droplets of sample is produced. d) Flame homogeneity Total consumption burner is used in flame photometry and is not useful for atomic absorption. The reason for this is that the resulting flame is turbulent and non-homogenous because it combines the function of nebulizer and burner. Here oxidant and fuel emerge from separate ports and are mixed above the burner orifices to produce a turbulent flame. Non-homogenous flame is a property that negates its usefulness in atomic absorption, since the flame must be homogeneous, for the same reason that different sample cuvettes in molecular spectrophotometry must be closely matched. One would not want the absorption properties to change from one moment to the next because of the lack of homogeneity in the flame. In premix burner, the fuel and oxidant are thoroughly mixed inside the burner housing before they leave the burner ports and enter the primary combustion or inner zone of the flame. This type of burner usually produces an approximately laminar (streamline) flame, and is commonly combined with a separate unit for nebulizing the sample. e) Noise Combustion with the premix burners is very quiet, while with the total-consumption burner it is noisy to the detector as well as to the ear, possibly on a level similar to that of a jet engine. Summary of the difference between the total-consumption burner and premix burner: No Characteristics Total Consumption Burner Premix Chamber Burner Nebulisation process The fuel and oxidant (support) gases are mixed and combust at the tip of the burner. The sample is drawn up into the flame by the Venturi Effect, by the support gas. The gas creates a partial vacuum above the capillary barrel, causing the sample to be forced up the capillary. It is broken into a fine spray at the tip where the gases are turbulently mixed and burned. The fuel and support gases are mixed in a chamberbefore they enter the burner head (through a slot) where they combust. The sample solution is again aspirated through a capillary by the Venturi effectusing the support gas for the aspiration. Size of sample droplet that enters the flame (atomization efficiency) Larger droplets  ¯atomization efficiency Many larger droplets are not vaporized in the sample. The larger droplets may vaporize partially, leaving solid particles in the light path (result in light scattering and registered as an absorbance). The viscosity of the sample will more greatly affect the atomization efficiency (production of atomic vapour) in the total consumption burner. Small droplets  ­atomization efficiency Although a large portion of the aspirated sample is lost in the premix burner, the atomization efficiencyof that portion of the sample that enters the flame is greater, because the droplets are finer. Absorption path length Shorter path length  ¯atomization efficiency Longer path length  ­atomization efficiency Interference to flame The resulting drops are relatively large which will vaporize partially, leaving solid particles in the light path. This may result fluctuation of flame temperature and light scattering, which is registered as an absorbance may cause false measurements to be detected. None (fine drops) Flame homogeneity The resulting flame is turbulent and non-homogenous Usually produces an approximately laminar (streamline) flame Noise Combustion with the total-consumption burner is noisy Combustion with the premix burners is very quiet

The Issue of Race in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

The Issue of Race in Othello    In his production of Othello for BBC television (1981), Jonathan Miller asserted that Othello's race does not greatly impact his downfall in the play.   He maintains that while Shakespeare touches upon the issue of race, the cause of Othello's demise lies elsewhere.1   However, the implications of race in the play directly lead to its tragic ending; it is this issue that impels the characters to set the tragedy in motion.   Brabantio would never revolt against the union of Othello and Desdemona if it were not for Othello's blackness.   Roderigo could never be motivated to pursue Desdemona were it not for his belief that their relationship is unnatural.   By far the most significant racism is Othello's own, racism that Iago brings to the surface by playing upon Othello's racial insecurities.   Finally, it is racism that serves as Iago's primary cause in his destruction of Othello.   Brabantio is very selective about suitors for Desdemona, as is evident from his vocal condemnation of Roderigo.   After learning it is Roderigo lurking about his window, Brabantio tells him, "The worser welcome! / ... In honest plainness thou hast heard me say / My daughter is not for thee" (1.1.92-95).2   Although Roderigo is a wealthy native Venetian, in Brabantio's eyes he is not worthy of Desdemona.   Despite these strict standards, it would seem that Othello could win Brabantio's approval; he holds a lucrative and prestigious position as the general of the army, he is born of a noble background, and he has the respect of the State.   In addition, Brabantio has an affinity for Othello, as he explains, "[he] loved [Othello]; oft invited [him]; / Still questioned [him] the story of [his] life" (1.3.128-29).   There is no ... ...his possibility and fights it.   Through resisting the stereotypes, as opposed to acknowledging and accepting that they exist, Othello increases his internal conflict.   Had he the necessary strength and faith in himself, the conflict could not have arisen; for when there is no resistance, the struggle ceases.   Rather than label Othello as a racist or anti-racist play, it is more significant to see how, from a racial standpoint, the tragedy demonstrates the explosive effects that racial dissonance can produce when combined with other personal insecurities.    Notes 1.   Jonathan Miller, television interview, BBC, 1981.   Quoted by Sylvan Barnet, "Othello on Stage and Screen," in Alvin Kernan, ed., Othello, Signet Classic Edition (New York: Penguin, 1998): 230.   2.   All references to Othello are from the Signet Classic Edition (New York: Penguin, 1998).

Carbon Dioxide and Meat-free Meal Essay

Good night ladies and gentlemen.. To begin, let me sing you guys a song. â€Å"Save my world, save my world. Save my world, save my world.† I am very sure this song is not foreign to all of you. From all your faces, I know that you guys would be thinking â€Å"OMG! This song again?! She is going to talk about the environment-related topics. Definitely something about reduce travelling by cars, reuse the plastic bags or recycle the paper and glass etc.† Well, my speech is about protecting the environment but from an angle that you didn’t realize it. Have you wondered how many animals died every year? Nope. I am not talking about how many animals died because of global warming, I am talking about how many animals died because you ate them. No idea? Was it because you have never thought about it before? 60 billions of animals died every year to fill our stomach, more than 6 million animals died every hour. These figures did not include sea animals because they are measured in pounds. Imagine how many animals died as I am making this speech here. Human beings are not the only living things on earth, save these animals! Imagine how much resources are needed to produce these animals. GO GREEN, EAT VEGGIE! Eating less meat would help to save the environment through three factors, water, land and air. First, let us look at the factor: water. We used about 9000 litres of water everyday. Only five percent of them run through toilets, taps, and garden hoses at home. The other 95 percent is hidden in the food we eat, products we buy, and services we rely on. Producing 1 pound of beef needs 2,500 gallons of water which means that producing half KG of beef needs more than 10,000 litre of water. Comparing with potato, it only requires 100 litres of water for half KG of potato. You may think that there are other ways of conserving water such as washing cars less often, bath less, or using low-flow toilets. But these methods are not as effective as eating less meat. We can help to save the environment by eating a meat-free meal once a week. And after one year, you can save more than 380,000 litres of water. Isn’t that amazing? Remember GO GREEN! EAT VEGGIE! Next, let us move on to the factor: land. Millions of acres of land are used to feed the animals which is equivalent to the size of 5 Singapore. Imagine the size of 5 Singapore is used to feed the animals. And many of these land used were once rainforest. We all know that clearing rainforest brought about countless negative impact to our environment such as soil erosion, lost of diversity. By choosing a meat-free meal once each week, you could save nearly 8,000 square feet of open space from being converted to farmland. GO GREEN! EAT VEGGIE! Lastly, it is the factor: air. As I have mentioned earlier, rainforest are cleared to provide the animals with space and food. This causes more carbon dioxide to be released into the atmosphere. And also, all living things breathe and â€Å"F-A-R-T†. Livestock release carbon dioxide when breathing and also methane when â€Å"F-A-R-T†. These gases are all greenhouse gases which would harm the environment. A single cow can produce 500 litres of methane a day. Imagine how much cows are there in a farm and how many days do they need to be old enough to be eaten? How much methane would be released? And again GO GREEN! EAT VEGGIE! I am not asking you guys to become a vegetarian but I am asking you guys to reduce the amount of meat in your meal. Having a meat-free meal once a week, I believe it is not too much to ask. Never underestimate the power of individual. Imagine if I collect 10 cent from each of you, a single 10 cent coin is almost worthless but if I collect 10 cent from 20 people, I would be able to afford a meal in school. Imagine if we eat a meal without meat once a week, there are billions of people in the world. How many animals do we save? GO GREEN! EAT VEGGIE! â€Å"Save my world, save my world. Save my world, save my world today!† Thank you!

Music Analysis Drug Abuse in Music

Music Analysis Drug Abuse in Music Introduction Popular culture refers to a set of ideas, feelings, perceptions, descriptions or impressions that are constantly reasoned through informal agreements in a given society (Mashable.com, 2005). This notion is commonly known as â€Å"pop culture† and is mostly prominent in the mass media where detailed accounts of people’s lives usually flood on a daily basis (Mashable.com, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Music Analysis: Drug Abuse in Music specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Today’s society is facing a lot of challenges such as drug abuse, war, prevalence in crime among others (Mashable.com, 2005); all these have grown to create many social problems and therefore, there is greater need for the community to work hard in order to eliminate this social problem that is becoming rampant in many societies. One of the major social evils is the issue of drug abuse that has become so prevalent in the society especially among young generation. Drug abuse is an issue that should be addressed with a lot of concern and it is important for every individual in the society to tackle this issue as a personal responsibility in order to safeguard the next generation. The topic under discussion for this paper will mainly focus on issues of drug abuse since this is a major social challenge that is rapidly taking roots in the society at all levels which means everyone is affected in one way or another. It is therefore necessary to educate and make people aware of the dangers of drug and substance. Discussion It is no doubt that pop culture has both positive and negative influence on issues of drug abuse especially in this era of globalization due to the easy access to information especially through the internet which happens to be one of the major medium of information such as musical lyrics, videos and films among others. In this regard, the discussion below will also f ocus on popular culture that is positive and educative on issues of drug abuse. The five category of music lyrics includes music by; Ben Harper, in the album Radiohead (2008) â€Å"The drugs dont work†, Bare-naked Ladies, in the album Everything to Everyone â€Å"war on drugs† (2003), Lily Allen, in the album Everyones at It â€Å"Everyone’s at it† (2008) and finally the lyrics by Alice in Chains, Album Dirt  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hate To Feel†, (1992) (Songmeanings.net, 2007). Analysis of the musical lyrics First let us discuss the work of art by Ben Harper, in the album Radiohead â€Å"The drugs dont work† (2008) (Songmeanings.net, 2007); this is a music lyrics that targets the young generation. The artist has been very persistence in educating youths on the dangers of drug and substance abuse; in this song he is discouraging the youths from using drugs for many reasons. The theme of this song is â€Å"drugs do no work† and therefore anyone using drugs should try to put a stop to this habit because drug abuse has no positive impacts to human life (Songmeanings.net, 2007).Advertising Looking for critical writing on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, there is the music by a group known as Bare-naked Ladies, in the album â€Å"everything to everyone† (2003) which also advocates for drug free society (MacKenzie, 2011). The artists laments how drugs have destroyed youths in many societies because of the dangers that they pose to the users; a vice that is described by the artist as evils of the society in the music lyrics which states â€Å"drugs are demons† hence the humanity should now realize the need to get over drugs and substance abuse (MacKenzie, 2011). The third music lyrics is by Weezer in the album Make Believe â€Å"we are all on drugs† (2005) (Beemp3.com, 2011); this is creative work of art in which the artis t is ridiculing the youths who are doing drug abuse, the artist argues that, â€Å"The youths think they are cool† when they are under influence of drugs (Beemp3.com, 2011). According to the artist, it is time the youths face issues of life from a sober angle since the reality of life does not care whether you’re using drugs or not, the reality is tough and life is hard, drugs can’t work they will only destroy one’s life; that is the advice of the artist in this song (Beemp3.com, 2011). Another positive music lyric is one by Lily Allen in the album â€Å"Everyone’s at it† (2008) (Musicloversgroup.com, 2008). In this creative work, the artist is very keen and observant about issues that affects the society one of the main and dangerous one being drug abuse (Musicloversgroup.com, 2008). So in this song the artist is also lamenting the dangers of drugs and the theme of the music is one that advocates against tackling the problem with issues of drug abuse by arguing the youths to refrain from using drugs that has now become the culture in the society. This is the reason that the artist asserts in the music lyrics that â€Å"Everyone is at it† which is the title of the music album (Musicloversgroup.com, 2008). Finally, the music lyrics by Alice in Chains in the album Dirt,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hate To Feel† (1992) is educative work of art because the artist is sharing her personal experience after having done drugs which she eventually stopped (Cduniverse.com, 2011). The artist says that, when she tried to abuse heroin drug, it was a bad experience which she says was not anything she would want to ever feel again. After this incidence, the artist is very cautious and sensitive about drugs abuse, and for this particular reason she is advising the youths and general public not to make an attempt or try to use drugs at any one time because they have severe effects to the body (Cduniverse.com, 2011).Advertising We wil l write a custom critical writing sample on Music Analysis: Drug Abuse in Music specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other materials and peer reviewed articles In addition to the music lyrics, the following internet resources address the issues of drug abuse; these sources are â€Å"Taking Drugs to Make Music to Take Drugs to† (Last.fm, 2011) and â€Å"Report: teens using digital drugs to get high† (Thebeerbarrel.net, 2011). The first online resource is a joint policy that was drafted with an intention of enlightening the youths in order to persuade them from listening to music that encouraged drug abuse (Last.fm, 2011). The article was written with an aim of educating the mainly young generations who are most affected by drugs and often influenced through music that portray drugs as cool and great to use; thus the theme of this article â€Å"just say no† (Last.fm, 2011). The other source also an online article is a report r eleased on how the young generation are listening to music on the internet to take drugs, the procedure through which drugs are taken is so dangerous as it involves use of digital drugs or i-drugs absorbed through the internet when an individual is listening to music as claimed by this paper (Thebeerbarrel.net, 2011). This particular report is meant to enlighten the parents about what is really happening in order for the parents to take precautions that prevent this. Furthermore, substance abuse treatment and prevention policy (SAPPT) is a peer reviewed article that is also addressing this social problem (Substanceabusepolicy.com, 2011). This journal article is mainly discussing ways in which good environment can be created especially on the internet where the public can be able to discuss various ideas on ways of reducing drug and substance abuse (Substanceabusepolicy.com, 2011). Conclusion Popular culture is a very influential work of art; thus, it is important for artists to use such art in communicating positive information that can address issues of importance especially those that pertain social problems so as to facilitate positive social change. Besides, artists themselves should also be enlightened on dangers of drug abuse which is also rampant amongst them this is because they are the role models of the society. They should understand that, they are the mirror of the society and therefore they should be sensitive on those ideas that they are communicating to the public because some people especially the youths are very keen to take the message. Reference Beemp3.com. (2011). Weezer We Are All On Drugs: Free MP3 Download. Web.Advertising Looking for critical writing on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cduniverse.com. (2011). Alice in Chains, Album: Dirt. Web. Last.fm. (2011). Taking Drugs to Make Music to Take Drugs to Group. Web. MacKenzie, W. (2011) Everything to Everyone Barenaked Ladies. Web. Mashable.com. (2005). Popular Culture. Web. Musicloversgroup.com. (2008). Lily Allen Everyones at It Lyrics and Video. Web. Songmeanings.net. (2007). Songmeanings Lyrics The The Drugs Dont Work.Web. Substanceabusepolicy.com. (2011). SAPPT. Web. Thebeerbarrel.net (2011) Report: Teens Using Digital Drugs to Get High. Web.

Psyllium Hydophilic Mucilloid Decreases Risk of CVD

Psyllium Hydophilic Mucilloid Decreases Risk of CVD Free Online Research Papers Despite recent progress in reducing mortality associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), it is still the number one cause of the death in the United States. The major risk factors for CHD are well known and have been studied extensively.1 One way of studying these risk factors is to follow large groups of individuals over a long period of time, keeping track of their health behaviors and other relevant indictors, and seeing who ultimately develops CHD and who does not.2It is well proved that fats in our body are the major risk factors for the development of CHD.3Cholesterol is responsible to synthesize many hormones, vitamin D, and the bile acids that help to digest fat. It takes only a small amount of cholesterol in the blood to meet these needs.4,10,12 If human body have too much cholesterol in bloodstream, the excess is deposited in arteries, including the coronary arteries, where it contributes to the narrowing and blockages that cause the signs and symptoms of heart disease.5 Psyllium or Plantago ovata Forsk is an annual plant grown primarily in India, southern Europe and the United States. Psyllium is cultivated primarily for its use as a laxative or as a dietary fiber ingredient in foods, such as ready-to-eat cereals. It is also known as blond psyllium, Indian psyllium and plantain. Although the seed alone contains the bioactive mucilage polysaccharide, the refined psyllium seed husk, known as the Ispaghula husk, is the psyllium component principally used as the soluble fiber source for laxatives, ready-to-eat cereals and nutritional supplements.6,9 In specific doses, it lowers serum total cholesterol and LDL- Cholesterol remarkably.7 Psyllium husk fiber is a viscous, mostly water-soluble fiber prepared by mechanical removal of the husk from blonde psyllium seed (Plantago ovata). Early or uncontrolled studies suggested that psyllium improved glycemic and lipid control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.8,14 The mechanism of psylliums possible hypocholesterolemic activity is not fully understood. The bioactive agent of psyllium is a soluble, viscous xylan fiber. It is thought that this polysaccharide stimulates the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids and that it stimulates fecal excretion of bile acids. Psyllium may also decrease the intestinal absorption of cholesterol.9 PATIENTSMETHOD Study was conducted in the department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from January to July 2006.Forty patients of primary hyperlipidemia were enrolled in the study, selected from ward and OPD of National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi. Previously diagnosed and untreated primary hyperlipidemic patients of either sex, age range from 21 to 60 years were randomly selected. Patients with peptic ulcer, hepatic disease, alcoholism, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and renal disease were excluded from the study as these pathological conditions can mask hyperlipidemic abnormality of the patient.10 After explaining the limitations, written consent was obtained from all participants. The study period consisted of 90 days with fortnightly follow up visits. Name, age, sex, occupation, address, previous medication, date of follow up visit and laboratory investigations, etc of each patient was recorded on a Pe rforma, especially designed for the study. All the base line assessments were taken on the day of inclusion (Day-0) in the study and a similar assessment was taken on Day-90 of research design. After fulfilling the inclusion criteria patients were divided in two groups, i.e.Drug-1 (3 gram of Psyllium husk) and Drug-2 (placebo capsules, containing equal amounts of partly grinded wheat) groups. Twenty hyperlipidemic patients of group-1 were provided packets containing 3 gram of Psyllium husk and were advised to take one packet thrice daily along with diet control and exercise for 40-60 minutes (brisk walk). This regimen was followed for 12 weeks. Twenty hyperlipidemic patients of drug-2 group having borderline ‘high’ lipid profile were included in this group taken as control, and were advised to continue on isocaloric weight maintaing diet, i.e. step-1 diet and brisk walk for next three months. Patients of this group were provided capsules containing equal amount of partly grinded wheat and orange flavor, taken one capsule thrice daily after meal for three months. Patients were advised to come in OPD, every two weeks for follow up to check blood pressure, weight, pulse rate and general appearance of the individual. Drug compliance to the regimen was monitored by interview and counseling at each clinical visits. Serum total cholesterol was estimated by the enzymatic calorimetric method (Rivelles et al 1994) using kit cat. # 303113050 by Eli Tech Diagnostic, France.10 Triglycerides were also estimated by enzymatic calorimetric method, using kit Cat. # 304710050 by Eli Tech Diagnostic. France. HDL- C was determined by using kit Cat. # 303210040 by Eli Tech Diagnostic, France. Serum LDL-cholesterol was calculated by Friedwald formula described by Davidson et al11 (LDL-Cholesterol = Total Cholesterol-(Triglycerides/5 +HDL-Cholesterol) also quoted by Delong et al (1986)12 and Beamount et al (1970).13 Data were expressed as the mean  ± SD and â€Å"t† test was applied to determine statistical significance as the difference. A probability value of 0.05). DISCUSSION There are various groups of drugs which are used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. HMG-Co reductase inhibitors (Statins), fibric acids, Niacin and psyllium hydrophilic mucilloids are important lipid lowering drugs.14 Among these lipid lowering drugs, Psyllium has its own remarkable role to decrease serum total cholesterol and LDL- cholesterol.15 In our study, serum total cholesterol decreased 12.72 % in 90 days of treatment with Psyllium husk in hyperlipidemic patients. Our study matches with the study of Anderson et al16 who observed almost same changes in serum total cholesterol and LDL- Cholesterol of 26 male patients, treated with 3.4 grams of Psyllium thrice daily for eight weeks. Our study also matches with the study of Maciejko et al17 who observed 12.00 % decrease in serum total cholesterol and 16.12 % decrease in LDL-Cholesterol in 40 hyperlipidemic patients treated with 4 grams Psyllium husk for the period of 16 weeks. He also included other parameters in his study, li ke body weight and systolic/diastolic blood pressure which were also significantly reduced. Our results regarding decrease in serum total cholesterol level contrasts with the results of research study conducted by Haskell et al18who observed only 6.11 % decrease in total cholesterol levels in 40 hyperlipidemic patients, when they used 2 gram Psyllium husk in 18 female patients for the period of eight weeks. This remarkable change in results may be due to changes in gender of patients, and duration of drug used. He has mentioned the mechanism of action of Psyllium husk that these Psyllium fibers stimulate bile acid synthesis in liver (7 ?-hydroxylase activity). Second mechanism, he mentioned is diversion of hepatic cholesterol for bile acid synthesis. Effect of Psyllium husk on absorption of cholesterol and fat appeared minimal but may make a small contribution to cholesterol lowering. Additional mechanisms such as inhibition of hepatic cholesterol synthesis by propionate and seconda ry effects of slowing glucose absorption may also play a role.19 In our study placebo group shows 3.35 % reduction in serum total cholesterol and 1.29 % reduction in LDL-Cholesterol. These results matches with the study of Spence et al20 who observed same effects of placebo given to 44 male and female hyperlipidemic patients having moderately high lipid profile. Their study shows 2.89 % reduction in serum total cholesterol and 2.21 % reduction in LDL-Cholesterol. Results of research study conducted at Lipid Research Centre held by Levy et al21 do not match with our results of research. They observed 5.98 % and 9.97 % reduced levels of serum total cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol, respectively, in 109 hyperlipidemic patients treated by Psyllium husk 3 gram daily for the period of 24 weeks. Their study was double blind placebo controlled. These changes in results may be due to double blind research design, large sample size and environmental factors like in that study all hyperlipidem ic patients were admitted at Lipid Research Centre, so were closely observed and advised for brisk walk and to take controlled step-1 diet.22 Drug compliance between our and their study was same, i.e. in our study patients discontinued taking Psyllium due to its metallic taste. In their study 11 patients discontinued to take Psyllium fibers, mostly due to same reasons of its metallic taste. Another study conducted by Kane et al23 also contradicts with our study as they observed only 12.22 % reduction in LDL- Cholesterol when 3 gram Psyllium husk was administered in 14 female hyperlipidemic patients above the age of 40 years. Our study proved 18.88 % reduction in LDL-Cholesterol levels which is much higher than 12.22 %. Change in these results may be due only female gender and age which was specifically above 4o years. Our study comprised of both male and female hyperlipidemic patients with age range between 21-60 years. REFERENCES 1. Plaisance EP, Grandjean PW, Mahurin AJ (2009). Independent and combined effects of aerobic exercise and pharmacological strategies on serum triglyceride concentrations: a qualitative review.Phys Sportsmed. Apr; 37(1):11-9. 2. Knopp RH, Retzlaff BM, Fish B, Dowdy A, Twaddell B, Nguyen T, Paramsothy P ( 2009).The SLIM Study: Slo-Niacin(R) and Atorvastatin Treatment of Lipoproteins and Inflammatory Markers in Combined Hyperlipidemia. J Clin Lipidol; 3(3):167-178. 3. Parhofer KG (2009). Review of extended-release niacin/laropiprant fixed combination in the treatment of mixed dyslipidemia and primary hypercholesterolemia. Vasc Health Risk Manag; 5:901-8. 4. Charland SL, Malone DC (2010). Prediction of cardiovascular event risk reduction from lipid changes associated with high potency dyslipidemia therapy. Curr Med Res Opin. Feb; 26(2):365-75. 5. Kruger PS (2009).Forget glucose: what about lipids in critical illness?. Crit Care Resusc. Dec; 11(4):305-9. 6. Ganji V, Betts N (1995). Fat, cholesterol, fiber and sodium intakes of US population: evaluation of diets reported in 1987–88 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey. Eur J Clin Nutr; 49: 915-920 7. Moreyra AE, Wilson AC, Koraym A (2005). Effect of combining psyllium fiber with simvastatin in lowering cholesterol. Arch Intern Med; 165: 1161-66 8. Vega-Lopez S, Conde-Knape K, Vidal-Quintanar RL, Shachter NS, Fernandez ML. (2002). Sex and hormonal status influence the effects of psyllium on lipoprotein remodeling and composition. Metabolism.; 51: 500-507. 9. Erkkila AT, Herrington DM, Mozaffarian D, Lichtenstein AH (2005). Cereal fiber and whole grain intake are associated with reduced progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease. Am Heart J. 150: 94-101. 10. Rivellese AA, Auletta P, Marotta G, et al (1994). Long term metabolic effects of two dietry methods of treating hyperlipidemia. BMJ; 5: 10-14. 11. Davidson MH, Rosenson RS (2009). Novel targets that affect high-density lipoprotein metabolism: the next frontier. Am J Cardiol. Nov 16; 104(10 Suppl):52E-57E. 12. Delong DM, Delong ER, Wood PD, Lippel K, Rifkind BM (1986). A comparison of methods for the estimation of plasma lowand very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. JAMA; 256:2372-2377. 13. Beamount JL, Carlson LA, Cooper GR (1970). Classification of hyperlipidemias and hyperlipoproteinaemias. Bull. WHO; 43: 891-908. 14. Olson BH, Anderson SM, Becker MP, Anderson JW, Hunninghake DB, Jenkins DJ, LaRosa JC, Rippe JM, Roberts DC, Stoy DB, Summerball CD, Truswell AS, Wolever TM, Morris DH, Fulgoni VL., 3rd (995). Psyllium-enriched cereals lower blood total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, but not HDL cholesterol, in hypercholesterolemic adults: results of a meta-analysis. J. Nutr; 127: 1973-80. 15. Moreyra AE, Wilson AC, Koraym A. (2005). Effect of combining psyllium fiber with simvastatin in lowering cholesterol. Arch Intern Med; 165: 1161-6 16. Anderson JW, Davidson MH, Blonde L, et al (2000). Long term cholesterol lowering effects of Psyllium as an adjunct to diet therapy in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Am. J. Clin. Nutr; 71:1433-8. 17. Maciejko JJ, Brazg R, Shah A, Rubenfire M. (1994). Psyllium for the reduction of cholestyramine associated gastrointestinal symptoms in the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia. Arch. Fam. Med; 3: 955-60 18. Haskell WL, Spiller GA, Jansen CD, Ellis BK, Gates JE (1992). Role of water soluble dietry fibre in the management of elevated plasma cholesterol in healthy and hyperlipidemic patients. Am. J. Cardiol; 69: 433-39 19. Davidson MR, Maki KC, Kong IC, Dugan LD, Tprro SA, Hall HA, Drennan KB, Anderson SM, Fulgoni VL, Saldanha LG, Olson BH. (1998). Long-term effects of consuming foods containing psyllium seed husk on serum lipids in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin; 67: 367-76. 20. Spence JD, Huff MW, Heidenheim P, et al (1995). Combination therapy with colestipol and psyllium mucilloid in patients with hyperlipidemia. Ann. Intern. Med; 123: 493-99 21. Levy RI, Fredrickson DS, Shulman R, (1972). Dietry and drug treatment of primary hyperlipoproteinemias. Ann. Int. Med; 77: 267-94. 22. Joan Sabatà ©, Ella Haddad, Jay S Tanzman, Pera Jambazian and Sujatha Rajaram. (2003). Serum lipid response to the graduated enrichment of a Step I diet with almonds: a randomized feeding trial. Am. J. Clin. Nutr; 77 (6): 1379-84. 23. Kane JP, Malloy MJ, Tun P et al (1981). Normalization of low density lipoprotein levels in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia with a combined drug regimen. N. Engl. J. Med; 304: 251-258. Research Papers on Psyllium Hydophilic Mucilloid Decreases Risk of CVDArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Fifth HorsemanThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseGenetic EngineeringInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductPETSTEL analysis of India

Recent Developments in Undercover Policing Assignment

Recent Developments in Undercover Policing - Assignment Example Undercover police functions are a standard feature of contemporary political territory. Several secret revelations in recent days indicate that environmentalists, anti-nuclear and human & animal rights among other groups are likely to be the target of various surreptitious activities. Such activities can take any form, i.e. from the demonstration of supportive activities to training operations in specific organizations. The Ruckus Society is an example of one such organization, which is concerned with various defense activities. This organization delivers tools, training, and support to the environmental, human rights and social justice coordinators (The Ruckus Society, â€Å"About Us†). However, only negligible information has been available regarding the true motives of the organization, i.e. how they operate and how they support various activities among others. Thus, an infiltration has been planned in order to investigate the organization. Accordingly, two female detective s have been chosen in order to go to deep undercover as a part of their investigation. Contextually, when undertaking their investigative activities in The Ruckus Society, they need to maintain certain guidelines. The key objective of this assignment is to provide instructions to the female detectives when performing their duties as undercover agents. The assignment provides guidance for the female detectives in order to undertake investigation activities without compromising the undercover status. Fundamentally, there are two categories of an undercover operation that are categorized as deep cover and light cover. A deep cover infiltrator lives the role with widespread skills in undercover work. Deep cover operations are strongly compartmentalized in the investigation of an organization in order to prevent a breach of security or leak of information.

Please conduct a SWOT analysis of PAC Resources, Inc. and complete a Research Paper

Please conduct a SWOT analysis of PAC Resources, Inc. and complete a detailed paragraph response to each area of the analysis - Research Paper Example The company has strong presence in the US market and target market type of this company is niche. At the time beginning of this business the owner of the company started the business operation in US and after that it got success in that particular market. Gradually they become a strong player and increase their sales revenue from this market. Strong presence also helps the company to establish a stable customer base in this market. The company can generate almost 83% of its total revenue from one customer. The company is involved to produce major components for this customer. It can be said that that customer has started to depend on the component o this company which is one of the biggest strength of this business (Akanda, 2013). PAC Resources, Inc. employs 835 full time workers in their business activities. This scenario indicates that the company is able to get enough human resources to run their operational activities. Weaknesses are few internal lacking which needs to be correct ed by the organization after implementing appropriate strategies. Here, the company is depending on only one primary customer for earning major percentage of sales revenue. Therefore, the company posses a high risk factor regarding the possibility of decline in sales in future with the decrease of business with the primary customer. The managers do not concentrate on day to day operation in this business and as a result the business is involved in some unethical practices. Again, the management has few ides to cut down the heavy cost factors in business. Employees are dissatisfied for the management activities in this organization. This company has several opportunities to establish their business in new markets such as Asia, Europe etc. The company is cutting cost by providing employee paid share. The management of this company has taken several initiatives like various training program to improve the skills of